A review of the cost-effectiveness and suitability of mitigation strategies to prevent phosphorus loss from dairy farms in New Zealand and Australia

Journal of Environmental Quality
Richard W McDowell, David M Nash

Abstract

The loss of phosphorus (P) from land to water is detrimental to surface water quality in many parts of New Zealand and Australia. Farming, especially pasture-based dairying, can be a source of P loss, but preventing it requires a range of fully costed strategies because little or no subsidies are available and the effectiveness of mitigation strategies varies with different farm management systems, topography, stream density, and climate. This paper reviews the cost-effectiveness of mitigation strategies for New Zealand and Australian dairy farms, grouping strategies into (i) management (e.g., decreasing soil test P, fencing streams off from stock, or applying low-water-soluble P fertilizers), (ii) amendments (e.g., alum or red mud [Bauxite residue]), and (iii) edge-of-field mitigations (e.g., natural or constructed wetlands). In general, on-farm management strategies were the most cost-effective way of mitigating P exports (cost range, $0 to $200 per kg P conserved). Amendments, added to tile drains or directly to surface soil, were often constrained by supply or were labor intensive. Of the amendments examined, red mud was cost effective where cost was offset by improved soil physical properties. Edge-of-field strategies, whi...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Apr 3, 2012·Current Opinion in Biotechnology·Richard W McDowell
Nov 13, 2014·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Reza HabibiandehkordiBen W J Surridge
Oct 8, 2019·Journal of Environmental Quality·D M NashM J McLaughlin
Oct 3, 2018·Journal of Environmental Quality·Zhixuan QinKathryn C Turner
May 9, 2012·Journal of Environmental Quality·Anthony R BudaWim J Chardon
Jan 21, 2015·Journal of Environmental Quality·Richard W McDowell, Matt Norris
Jan 21, 2015·Journal of Environmental Quality·R W McDowellJ Chrystal
May 30, 2015·Journal of Environmental Quality·Richard W McDowell, Ross M Monaghan
Oct 6, 2020·The Science of the Total Environment·R W McDowellS Carrick
Nov 27, 2019·The Science of the Total Environment·Thomas MoloneyKaren Daly
Sep 25, 2018·Environmental Science & Technology·Katrina A MacintoshBruce E Rittmann

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