Abstract
Perineal hernia refers to the failure of the muscular pelvic diaphragm to support the rectal wall, resulting in herniation of pelvic and, occasionally, abdominal viscera into the subcutaneous perineal region. The proposed causes of pelvic diaphragm weakness include tenesmus associated with chronic prostatic disease or constipation, myopathy, rectal abnormalities, and gonadal hormonal imbalances. The most common presentation of perineal hernia in dogs is a unilateral or bilateral nonpainful swelling of the perineum. Clinical signs do occur, but not always. Clinical signs may include constipation, obstipation, dyschezia, tenesmus, rectal prolapse, stranguria, or anuria. The definitive diagnosis of perineal hernia is based on clinical signs and findings of weak pelvic diaphragm musculature during a digital rectal examination. In dogs, perineal hernias are mostly treated by surgical intervention. Appositional herniorrhaphy is sometimes difficult to perform as the levator ani and coccygeus muscles are atrophied and unsuitable for use. Internal obturator muscle transposition is the most commonly used technique. Additional techniques include superficial gluteal and semitendinosus muscle transposition, in addition to the use of synthet...Continue Reading
References
Jul 18, 1977·Histochemistry·M F el-Etreby, M R el-Bab
Aug 1, 1975·The Veterinary Clinics of North America·H F Dieterich
Jan 1, 1990·Veterinary Surgery : VS·S A BilbreyW DeHoff
Jan 1, 1989·The Veterinary Quarterly·F J van Sluijs, B E Sjollema
Jul 5, 1986·The Veterinary Record·A L Frankland
Jun 1, 1973·The Journal of Small Animal Practice·C F Burrows, C E Harvey
Dec 1, 1981·The Journal of Small Animal Practice·A D Weaver, J O Omamegbe
May 1, 1980·The Journal of Small Animal Practice·J S Spreull, A L Frankland
Sep 1, 1980·Australian Veterinary Journal·C R Bellenger
Jul 1, 1995·Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association·G HosgoodP W Dean
May 20, 1998·Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association·K L BowmanR M Bright
Mar 24, 1999·The Journal of Small Animal Practice·J D Niles, J M Williams
Dec 23, 2000·The Journal of Urology·S MadjarO Nativ
Aug 20, 2002·Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association·Laurie L Head, David A Francis
Sep 19, 2002·Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association·Lorne A Zielaskowski, Jane Pontious
Jul 2, 2003·Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association·Robert S GilleyThomas S Bowersox
Apr 15, 2004·Endocrine Reviews·O David Sherwood
Jul 3, 2004·Veterinary Surgery : VS·Hervé N BrissotBernard M Bouvy
Aug 20, 2005·Journal of Veterinary Medicine. A, Physiology, Pathology, Clinical Medicine·A C MortariS H S Antunes
Oct 11, 2005·Veterinary Surgery : VS·Alexandre BongartzAnnick Hamaide
Nov 4, 2005·Veterinary Surgery : VS·Ronit MerchavRon Shahar
Dec 13, 2005·Anatomical Science International·Yagoub M HafeezYusof Norimah
May 17, 2008·The Journal of Small Animal Practice·B H SontasH Ekici
Nov 18, 2008·Journal of Pediatric Urology·Bruno LeslieAntonio Macedo
Jun 15, 2010·Research in Veterinary Science·P WongsetthachaiM Kalpravidh
Jun 16, 2011·The Journal of Small Animal Practice·J F Pérez-GutiérrezM Sánchez De La Muela
Sep 25, 2012·Journal of Veterinary Science·A-Jin LeeHwi-Yool Kim
Nov 8, 2012·The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science·Kittiya PratummintraMarissak Kalpravidh
Nov 1, 2013·Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association·Jean-Guillaume GrandEric Monnet
Jan 15, 2015·Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association·Magen Shaughnessy, Eric Monnet
Mar 5, 2015·The Journal of Small Animal Practice·E MorelloP Buracco
Apr 8, 2015·New Zealand Veterinary Journal·W L SnellC A Popovitch