A riboswitch regulates RNA dimerization and packaging in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virions

Journal of Virology
Marcel OomsBen Berkhout

Abstract

The genome of retroviruses, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), consists of two identical RNA strands that are packaged as noncovalently linked dimers. The core packaging and dimerization signals are located in the downstream part of the untranslated leader of HIV-1 RNA-the Psi and the dimerization initiation site (DIS) hairpins. The HIV-1 leader can adopt two alternative conformations that differ in the presentation of the DIS hairpin and consequently in their ability to dimerize in vitro. The branched multiple-hairpin (BMH) structure folds the poly(A) and DIS hairpins, but these domains are base paired in a long distance interaction (LDI) in the most stable LDI conformation. This LDI-BMH riboswitch regulates RNA dimerization in vitro. It was recently shown that the Psi hairpin structure is also presented differently in the LDI and BMH structures. Several detailed in vivo studies have indicated that sequences throughout the leader RNA contribute to RNA packaging, but how these diverse mutations affect the packaging mechanism is not known. We reasoned that these effects may be due to a change in the LDI-BMH equilibrium, and we therefore reanalyzed the structural effects of a large set of leader RNA mutations ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 3, 2005·Nature Reviews. Microbiology·Victoria D'Souza, Michael F Summers
Jul 1, 2008·Nucleic Acids Research·Martine M VrolijkBen Berkhout
Jul 16, 2008·Nucleic Acids Research·Laurie James, Bruno Sargueil
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