A Risk Assessment of Aflatoxin M1 Exposure in Low and Mid-Income Dairy Consumers in Kenya

Toxins
Sara AhlbergJohanna Frida Lindahl

Abstract

Aflatoxin M₁ (AFM₁), a human carcinogen, is found in milk products and may have potentially severe health impacts on milk consumers. We assessed the risk of cancer and stunting as a result of AFM₁ consumption in Nairobi, Kenya, using worst case assumptions of toxicity and data from previous studies. Almost all (99.5%) milk was contaminated with AFM₁. Cancer risk caused by AFM₁ was lower among consumers purchasing from formal markets (0.003 cases per 100,000) than for low-income consumers (0.006 cases per 100,000) purchasing from informal markets. Overall cancer risk (0.004 cases per 100,000) from AFM₁ alone was low. Stunting is multifactorial, but assuming only AFM₁ consumption was the determinant, consumption of milk contaminated with AFM₁ levels found in this study could contribute to 2.1% of children below three years in middle-income families, and 2.4% in low-income families, being stunted. Overall, 2.7% of children could hypothetically be stunted due to AFM₁ exposure from milk. Based on our results AFM₁ levels found in milk could contribute to an average of -0.340 height for age z-score reduction in growth. The exposure to AFM₁ from milk is 46 ng/day on average, but children bear higher exposure of 3.5 ng/kg bodyweight (bw...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 2, 2019·Infection Ecology & Epidemiology·Maureen M KubokaJohanna F Lindahl
Sep 29, 2020·Toxicology Reports·Oscar Peña-RodasRoberto Hernandez-Rauda
Jul 30, 2021·Journal of Food Protection·Andrea Alejandra ArruaDanilo Fernández Rios

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