PMID: 8603032Jan 1, 1996Paper

A role for cofactors in synergistic and cell-specific activation by retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptor

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
G E FolkersP T Van der Saag

Abstract

Transcriptional activation is thought to be mediated by DNA-bound activators through interaction with a basal transcription factor thereby stabilizing the pre-initiation complex. For such interaction cofactors such as TAFs, bridging proteins, mediators or intermediary proteins are required by binding simultaneously to the activator and the target. We have investigated the activation functions (AFs) of both RARbeta and RXRalpha and show that both activators contain two homologous AFs. By comparing the capacity to activate transcription by these AFs on several promoters, both as full-length receptors and as fusion-proteins of AFs with the DNA-binding domain of the yeast transcription factor GAL-4, we were able to show that these AFs function by different mechanisms. We found that the activity of these AFs is cell-type specific, as they are more active in certain cell lines than in others. Furthermore we observed that the AFs of RARbeta and RXRalpha can activate transcription synergistically both as GAL-fusion protein and with full-length receptors. For AF-2 of RAR beta we observed cell type-dependent difference in synergistic activation and we show that the E1A protein, which functions as a cofactor for RAR beta, permits synergis...Continue Reading

References

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