A seed coat cyanohydrin glucosyltransferase is associated with bitterness in almond (Prunus dulcis) kernels

Functional Plant Biology : FPB
Tricia K FranksChristopher M Ford

Abstract

The secondary metabolite amygdalin is a cyanogenic diglucoside that at high concentrations is associated with intense bitterness in seeds of the Rosaceae, including kernels of almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.), syn. Prunus amygdalus D. A. Webb Batsch). Amygdalin is a glucoside of prunasin, itself a glucoside of R-mandelonitrile (a cyanohydrin). Here we report the isolation of an almond enzyme (UGT85A19) that stereo-selectively glucosylates R-mandelonitrile to produce prunasin. In a survey of developing kernels from seven bitter and 11 non-bitter genotypes with polyclonal antibody raised to UGT85A19, the enzyme was found to accumulate to higher levels in the bitter types in later development. This differential accumulation of UGT85A19 is associated with more than three-fold greater mandelonitrile glucosyltransferase activity in bitter kernels compared with non-bitter types, and transcriptional regulation was demonstrated using quantitative-PCR analysis. UGT85A19 and its encoding transcript were most concentrated in the testa (seed coat) of the kernel compared with the embryo, and prunasin and amygdalin were differentially compartmentalised in these tissues. Prunasin was confined to the testa and amygdalin was confined to the embryo....Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Aug 5, 2014·The Plant Journal : for Cell and Molecular Biology·Yar-Khing YaukRoss G Atkinson
Jun 6, 2017·Frontiers in Plant Science·Jorge Del CuetoRaquel Sánchez-Pérez
Sep 13, 2020·Communications Biology·Sara ThodbergElizabeth Heather Jakobsen Neilson
Jul 30, 2011·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Mai NagatoshiHajime Mizukami
Aug 5, 2017·Frontiers in Plant Science·Irina A IonescuRaquel Sánchez-Pérez
Mar 4, 2014·Annual Review of Plant Biology·Roslyn M Gleadow, Birger Lindberg Møller
Feb 23, 2012·Plant Physiology·Raquel Sánchez-PérezKirsten Jørgensen

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
AF297712
EU015987
AF199453
BU573980

Methods Mentioned

BETA
glucosylation
PCR

Software Mentioned

tblastn
ESTree
G enstat
Beacon Designer
Quantity One

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