A sensitivity analysis of bias in relative risk estimates due to disinfection by-product exposure misclassification

Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology
J Michael Wright, Thomas F Bateson

Abstract

We conducted a sensitivity analysis of relative risk estimates using local area mean disinfection by-product exposures. We used Monte Carlo simulations to generate data representing 100 towns, each with 100 births (n=10,000). Each town was assigned a mean total trihalomethane (TTHM) exposure value (mean=45, SD=28) based on a variable number of sampling locations (range 2-10). True maternal TTHM exposure was randomly assigned from a lognormal distribution using that town's true mean value. We compared the effect of a 20 microg/l increase in TTHM exposure on the risk of small-for-gestational age infancy using the true maternal exposure compared to various weighting measures of the town mean exposures. The exposure metrics included: (1) unweighted town mean, (2) town mean weighted by the inverse variance of the town mean, (3) town mean weighted by the inverse standard deviation of the town mean, (4) town mean weighted by 1-(standard deviation of sites per town/mean across all towns), and (5) a randomly selected value from one of the sites within the town of residence. To estimate the magnitude of misclassification bias from using the town mean concentrations, we compared the true exposure odds ratios (1.00, 1.20, 1.50, and 2.00) t...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 3, 2008·Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology·Ulla M ForssénPatricia A Murphy
Jul 19, 2008·Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part a·Glenn RiceJane Ellen Simmons
May 31, 2007·International Journal of Health Geographics·Gerald E BoveJohn E Vena
Sep 3, 2013·Water Research·Amanda M EvansZorimar Rivera-Núñez
Aug 10, 2011·Critical Reviews in Toxicology·Lorenz R RhombergJulie E Goodman
Apr 4, 2016·BMC Health Services Research·Koen Bernardus PouwelsPetra Denig
Apr 30, 2008·Australia and New Zealand Health Policy·Judith M Dwyer, Terri Jackson
Dec 23, 2003·International Journal of Health Geographics·Michael R Cayo, Thomas O Talbot
Jan 15, 2008·International Journal of Health Geographics·Javier García-PérezGonzalo López-Abente
Jan 2, 2014·Environmental Health Perspectives·Cristina M VillanuevaPatrick Levallois
May 30, 2013·Journal of Public Health Management and Practice : JPHMP·Rachael M JonesLeslie T Stayner
Jul 18, 2008·Epidemiology·Caroline S HoffmanAndrew F Olshan
Jul 18, 2008·Epidemiology·Caroline S HoffmanAndrew F Olshan
Oct 10, 2020·Environmental Research·Summerhayes RjWright Jm
Dec 30, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Ibrahim Zaganjor The National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Aug 14, 2021·Annals of Epidemiology·Jennifer DunneGavin Pereira

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