A simple method for determining the optimal dosage of progestin in postmenopausal women receiving estrogens

The New England Journal of Medicine
M L PadwickM I Whitehead

Abstract

Progestin is often added to regimens of estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women to reduce the risk of endometrial hyperstimulation, but it may cause undesirable metabolic effects. Therefore, a low dosage is recommended. At present, the only way to determine whether the dosage of progestin is causing the desired secretory transformation of the endometrium is by endometrial sampling, which is invasive. We studied 102 postmenopausal women undergoing estrogen therapy who also took a progestin for 12 days each month, and we correlated the day of onset of bleeding with the endometrial histology over a three-month period. A bleeding pattern suitable for interpretation was observed in 96 women. Regardless of the preparation and dosage of the estrogen and progestin used, wholly or predominantly proliferative endometrium was always associated with bleeding on or before day 10 after the addition of progestin; wholly or predominantly secretory endometrium, or a lack of endometrial tissue, was associated with bleeding on day 11 or later. We conclude that the bleeding pattern reflected the histologic condition of the endometrium and that adjustment of the dosage of progestin so that regular bleeding is induced on or after day 11 may obviate...Continue Reading

References

Dec 4, 1975·The New England Journal of Medicine·H K Ziel, W D Finkle
Dec 4, 1975·The New England Journal of Medicine·D C SmithW L Herrmann
Jan 1, 1986·British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology·G LaneM I Whitehead
Sep 1, 1971·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·J C CornetteG W Duncan
Sep 1, 1983·British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology·N C SiddleM I Whitehead
Dec 31, 1981·The New England Journal of Medicine·M I WhiteheadR J King
Mar 22, 1980·British Medical Journal·M I WhiteheadS Campbell
Mar 5, 1981·The New England Journal of Medicine·E HirvonenV Manninen

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Nov 19, 1992·European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology·M J van der MoorenR Rolland
Oct 1, 1994·European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology·M Habiba, F al-Azzawi
Nov 1, 1995·Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases·I H Thorneycroft
Apr 12, 2000·Maturitas·M Dören
Jan 1, 1993·Baillière's Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·M S Marsh, M I Whitehead
Jul 15, 2000·Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology·U OmodeiG Peruginoa
Oct 9, 1986·The New England Journal of Medicine·P C MacDonald
Jun 13, 1991·The New England Journal of Medicine·B D Cowan, J C Morrison
Oct 30, 2001·The New England Journal of Medicine·C M ViscoliR I Horwitz
May 29, 2001·Journal of Clinical Pathology·K M Feeley, M Wells
Dec 17, 2011·Women's Health·Farook Al-Azzawi, May Wahab
Dec 17, 1994·Lancet·M Padwick
Jun 29, 2001·Climacteric : the Journal of the International Menopause Society·M HickeyI S Fraser
Jun 1, 1990·American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology·L WeinsteinJ C Gallagher
Jul 1, 1990·American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology·S R GoldsteinL Nachtigall
Sep 1, 1991·British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology·R J HawthornD M Hart
Jul 9, 2002·Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology·George I Gorodeski
Sep 1, 1996·Baillière's Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology·M C Rees
Oct 1, 1993·Baillière's Clinical Rheumatology·D H Barlow
Jan 1, 1992·Women's Health Issues : Official Publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health·V A Ravnikar
Sep 1, 1990·Maturitas·M L'Hermite
Dec 1, 1989·European Journal of Cancer & Clinical Oncology·B A Stoll
Mar 17, 1999·American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology·I ByrjalsenC Christiansen
Apr 1, 1993·Journal of the American Geriatrics Society·G A Greendale, H L Judd
May 1, 1992·British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology·T SporrongN Crona
Jan 1, 2013·Clinical Medicine Insights. Women's Health·Sebastião Freitas de MedeirosJacklyne Silva Barbosa
Dec 16, 2000·BJOG : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology·D W SturdeeA J Bragg
Jul 1, 1989·British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology·D FraserJ Pryse-Davies

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.