A simple road for the transformation of few-layer graphene into MWNTs

Journal of the American Chemical Society
Mildred QuintanaMaurizio Prato

Abstract

We report the direct formation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) by ultrasonication of graphite in dimethylformamide (DMF) upon addition of ferrocene aldehyde (Fc-CHO). The tubular structures appear exclusively at the edges of graphene layers and contain Fe clusters. Fc in conjunction with benzyl aldehyde, or other Fc derivatives, does not induce formation of NT. Higher amounts of Fc-CHO added to the dispersion do not increase significantly MWNT formation. Increasing the temperature reduces the amount of formation of MWNTs and shows the key role of ultrasound-induced cavitation energy. It is concluded that Fc-CHO first reduces the concentration of radical reactive species that slice graphene into small moieties, localizes itself at the edges of graphene, templates the rolling up of a sheet to form a nanoscroll, where it remains trapped, and finally accepts and donates unpaired electron to the graphene edges and converts the less stable scroll into a MWNT. This new methodology matches the long held notion that CNTs are rolled up graphene layers. The proposed mechanism is general and will lead to control the production of carbon nanostructures by simple ultrasonication treatments.

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Citations

Aug 9, 2012·Accounts of Chemical Research·Mildred QuintanaMaurizio Prato
Apr 1, 2014·Environmental Science & Technology·Jun WangBaoliang Chen
Apr 4, 2014·Dalton Transactions : an International Journal of Inorganic Chemistry·A S SinitsaE Bichoutskaia
Mar 2, 2013·Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology·Evan K Wujcik, Chelsea N Monty
Mar 15, 2019·Chemistry : a European Journal·Felipe FantuzziMarco Antonio Chaer Nascimento
Aug 16, 2013·Chemical Society Reviews·Ester VázquezMaurizio Prato
Jan 1, 2015·Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology·Mildred QuintanaMaurizio Prato
Mar 30, 2013·Chemical Communications : Chem Comm·Laura Rodríguez-PérezNazario Martín
Oct 24, 2012·Chemical Communications : Chem Comm·Mildred QuintanaMaurizio Prato
Jun 13, 2013·Chemphyschem : a European Journal of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry·Matteo CalvaresiMaurizio Prato

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