A single serine residue at position 375 of VP16 is critical for complex assembly with Oct-1 and HCF and is a target of phosphorylation by casein kinase II

The EMBO Journal
D O'ReillyP O'Hare

Abstract

We show that VP16 is phosphorylated by cellular kinases in vivo and in vitro and map the major sites of phosphorylation to be on serines towards the C-terminus, downstream of position 370 in both cases. Deletion of the acidic activation domain had no effect on phosphorylation, refining the sites to between position 370 and 411. Within VP16, the C-terminal boundary for complex formation with Oct-1 and HCF lies at position 388, and between 370 and 388 lies one serine, at position 375. This is a consensus casein kinase II (CKII) site and, using purified wild-type and mutant proteins, we show that it is the main CKII site in the body of the N-terminal complex-forming region. This site is also phosphorylated in nuclear extracts. Although other sites, mainly Ser411, are also phosphorylated by nuclear kinase(s), the single substitution of Ser375 to alanine abolishes CKII phosphorylation in vitro and virtually eliminates complex formation. This serine lies in a surface-exposed region of VP16 and, although complex formation is disrupted, other activities of the mutant are unaffected. Ser375 is also required in vivo where substitution to alanine abolishes transactivation, while replacement with threonine restores normal levels of activity.

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Citations

Aug 1, 1998·Nucleic Acids Research·Y YamaguchiH Handa
Apr 29, 2011·Journal of Virology·T KramerI M Cristea
Mar 9, 2002·Journal of Virology·Russell J DiefenbachAnthony L Cunningham
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Nov 13, 2013·Molecular and Cellular Biology·Jennifer Yinuo CaoLori Frappier
Oct 27, 2016·Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS·Ziqiang WangYaou Zhang
Apr 6, 2019·Epigenetics : Official Journal of the DNA Methylation Society·Ziqiang WangWeiren Huang
Jan 16, 2014·Molecular Endocrinology·Jonas W HøjfeldtJorge A Iñiguez-Lluhí
Mar 13, 2003·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·Flavio Meggio, Lorenzo A Pinna
Oct 6, 2020·Frontiers in Microbiology·Dengjian FanXiaoyue Chen
Sep 3, 2010·Science Signaling·Daniel Schwartz, George M Church

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