A sinister bias for calling fouls in soccer.

PloS One
Alexander KranjecAnjan Chatterjee

Abstract

Distinguishing between a fair and unfair tackle in soccer can be difficult. For referees, choosing to call a foul often requires a decision despite some level of ambiguity. We were interested in whether a well documented perceptual-motor bias associated with reading direction influenced foul judgments. Prior studies have shown that readers of left-to-right languages tend to think of prototypical events as unfolding concordantly, from left-to-right in space. It follows that events moving from right-to-left should be perceived as atypical and relatively debased. In an experiment using a go/no-go task and photographs taken from real games, participants made more foul calls for pictures depicting left-moving events compared to pictures depicting right-moving events. These data suggest that two referees watching the same play from distinct vantage points may be differentially predisposed to call a foul.

References

May 1, 1995·Neuropsychologia·A ChatterjeeK M Heilman
Apr 19, 2000·Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience·Z Kourtzi, N Kanwisher
Feb 13, 2001·Trends in Cognitive Sciences·A Chatterjee
Jun 17, 2003·Psychological Science·Anne Maass, Aurore Russo
Mar 5, 2008·Psychological Science·Jonathan WinawerLera Boroditsky
Sep 26, 2008·Psychological Science·Norbert HagemannJan Leissing

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Citations

May 30, 2014·PloS One·Alexander KranjecAnjan Chatterjee
Feb 16, 2013·Cognitive Processing·Jeffrey V NickersonLixiu Yu
May 6, 2014·Frontiers in Psychology·Christian DobelJens Bölte
Dec 21, 2017·Frontiers in Psychology·Florian LoffingNorbert Hagemann
Mar 14, 2019·Journal of Psycholinguistic Research·Mikkel WallentinSofia Stroustrup

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