A snapshot of illicit drug use in Sweden acquired through sewage water analysis

The Science of the Total Environment
Marcus OstmanRichard H Lindberg

Abstract

Analytical measurements of sewage water have been used many times to estimate the consumption of specific drugs in an area. This study measured a large number of illicit drugs and metabolites (>30) at a large number of sewage treatment plants (STPs) distributed across Sweden. Twenty-four illicit and prescription drugs, classified as narcotic substances in Sweden, and seven selected metabolites were included in the study. A 24 hour composite sample of incoming sewage water was collected from 33 different municipalities at various geographic locations across Sweden. Species were analyzed using an on-line solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry method. The method proved to be rapid with minimum need for sample work up and was able to detect 13 compounds above their respective limits of quantification. The results for all compounds were presented as per capita loads. Multivariate data analysis was used to relate drug consumption to geographical location and/or population of cities. The results showed that geographical differences in drug consumption were apparent across the country. For the narcotic pharmaceuticals, the geographical differences suggested by the multivariate model were supp...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 19, 2016·Forensic Science International : Synergy·Agnieszka KlupczynskaZenon J Kokot
May 2, 2015·The Science of the Total Environment·Ki Yong KimJeong-Eun Oh
Dec 1, 2015·Water Research·Ann-Kathrin McCallChristoph Ort
Aug 12, 2014·Environmental Pollution·María Jesús Andrés-CostaYolanda Pico
Aug 24, 2016·The Science of the Total Environment·C LindimI T Cousins
Aug 12, 2016·Environmental Science & Technology·Sylvia S LeeJohn J Kelly
Sep 30, 2016·The Science of the Total Environment·Tingting GaoXiqing Li
Apr 1, 2020·Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts·Zhe Li, Michael S McLachlan
Jul 1, 2020·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Shabnam ZareiAnvar Asadi
Jan 5, 2021·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Si-Yu LiuDe-Gao Wang
Aug 10, 2017·The Science of the Total Environment·Jianfa GaoPhong K Thai
Mar 28, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Lubertus BijlsmaJosé Benito Quintana
May 23, 2021·Drug Testing and Analysis·Xue-Ting ShaoDe-Gao Wang
Jul 30, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Tim BoogaertsAlexander L N van Nuijs
Jul 12, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Peng DuPhong K Thai
Mar 12, 2019·Environmental Science & Technology·Jiaying LiGuangming Jiang
Sep 1, 2017·New Biotechnology·Marta Woźniak-KarczewskaDanuta Cichocka
Jul 1, 2017·The Science of the Total Environment·Peng DuXiqing Li

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