PMID: 9533374Apr 9, 1998Paper

A standardized procedure for locating and documenting ECG chest electrode positions: consideration of the effect of breast tissue on ECG amplitudes in women

Journal of Electrocardiology
Pentti M RautaharjuR S Crow

Abstract

Continuing uncertainty exists about standardized procedures for the placement of electrocardiographic (ECG) chest electrodes, technical variability being the largest error source for short-term variations in amplitudes and waveforms of the chest lead ECGs. To avoid presumed attenuation of ECG amplitudes by abundant breast tissue, anterolateral chest electrodes in women are often placed under the breasts and too low. There is also considerable uncertainty about locating the midclavicular line and the V4 electrode, particularly in obese persons and in women. We examined the effect of breast tissue protuberance on ECG amplitudes using ECG and anthropometric data on 6,814 women included in the Atherosclerosis Research in Communities Study (ARIC). The R wave amplitudes in anterolateral chest leads and the Sokolow-Lyon voltage decreased (P < .001 for all), and RaVL and the Cornell voltage increased significantly with increasing breast protuberance (P < .001 for all). However, these effects were small (15 microV or less for each 1-cm increment in breast protuberance), and R2 values were less than .01, indicating that breast protuberance alone explained less than 1% of ECG amplitude variations. When chest size and breast protuberance e...Continue Reading

References

Jan 1, 1975·Journal of Electrocardiology·C R Brohet, N Tuna
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Citations

Nov 4, 2008·Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part a·Duanping LiaoGarnet Anderson
Oct 22, 2013·Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing·Michał KaniaRoman Maniewski
Aug 30, 2008·Journal of Electrocardiology·Olle Pahlm, Stephen C Hammill
Aug 30, 2008·Journal of Electrocardiology·Pentti M Rautaharju
Mar 25, 2008·Journal of Electrocardiology·Bob J A SchijvenaarsJan A Kors
Aug 31, 2006·Cardiology Clinics·Barbara J Drew
Nov 1, 2008·Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology : the Official Journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc·Vikram K ReddyAlan H Kadish
Mar 8, 2000·Current Problems in Cardiology·E A AshleyV F Froelicher
Apr 15, 2004·The American Journal of Cardiology·Pentti M RautaharjuGerardo Heiss
Oct 9, 2007·Emergency Medicine Australasia : EMA·Kelly McCannAdam Waddington
Oct 7, 2009·Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology : the Official Journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc·Javier García-NieblaAntonio Bayés de Luna
Aug 6, 2014·High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention : the Official Journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension·Giuseppe Germano
Sep 16, 2004·The American Journal of the Medical Sciences·Myra A CarpenterDaniel Sarpong
Feb 13, 2007·Journal of Electrocardiology·Pentti M RautaharjuZhu-Ming Zhang
Sep 25, 2017·Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology : the Official Journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc·Andrés Ricardo Pérez-RieraLuiz Carlos de Abreu
Jul 31, 2014·Journal of the American Heart Association·Pentti M RautaharjuElsayed Z Soliman
Oct 12, 2012·Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry·Kirsten Bell
Jul 20, 2002·British Journal of Nursing : BJN·Brendan Docherty
Sep 10, 2019·Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology : the Official Journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc·Michelle L MeyerGerardo Heiss
Oct 2, 2019·Journal of Research on Adolescence : the Official Journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence·Samantha DockrayOwen Jump
Mar 24, 2020·BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine·Kristofer HedmanVictor Froelicher
Jun 24, 2020·Journal of the American Heart Association·M Yldau van der EndePim van der Harst
May 20, 2004·British Journal of Nursing : BJN·Ehsan Khan
Dec 20, 2003·British Journal of Nursing : BJN·Brendan Docherty

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