A step-by-step in crystallo guide to bond cleavage and 1,6-anhydro-sugar product synthesis by a peptidoglycan-degrading lytic transglycosylase

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
Allison H WilliamsIvo Gomperts Boneca

Abstract

Lytic transglycosylases (LTs) are a class of enzymes important for the recycling and metabolism of peptidoglycan (PG). LTs cleave the β-1,4-glycosidic bond between N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc) and GlcNAc in the PG glycan strand, resulting in the concomitant formation of 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid and GlcNAc. No LTs reported to date have utilized chitins as substrates, despite the fact that chitins are GlcNAc polymers linked via β-1,4-glycosidic bonds, which are the known site of chemical activity for LTs. Here, we demonstrate enzymatically that LtgA, a non-canonical, substrate-permissive LT from Neisseria meningitidis utilizes chitopentaose ((GlcNAc)5) as a substrate to produce three newly identified sugars: 1,6-anhydro-chitobiose, 1,6-anhydro-chitotriose, and 1,6-anhydro-chitotetraose. Although LTs have been widely studied, their complex reactions have not previously been visualized in the crystalline state because macromolecular PG is insoluble. Here, we visualized the cleavage of the glycosidic bond and the liberation of GlcNAc-derived residues by LtgA, followed by the synthesis of atypical 1,6-anhydro-GlcNAc derivatives. In addition to the newly identified anhydro-chitin products, we identified trapped intermediates,...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 10, 2019·Molecular Microbiology·Anna I WeaverTobias Dörr
Nov 21, 2019·Protein Science : a Publication of the Protein Society·Jed F Fisher, Shahriar Mobashery
Feb 15, 2020·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Vivek S BharadwajMichael F Crowley
Jul 13, 2019·International Journal of Medical Microbiology : IJMM·Christoph MayerMarina Borisova
May 31, 2018·Chemical Reviews·David A DikShahriar Mobashery

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