A Survey of Citrus Viroids in Campania (Southern Italy)

Plant Disease
M MalfitanoN Duran-Vila

Abstract

Within a certification program of citrus, a survey covering 14 citrus fields not previously screened were randomly selected in seven areas of the Campania Region of southern Italy to evaluate the presence and distribution of citrus viroids in the region. During the last 3 years, 112 trees were visually inspected and sampled including 14 'Navelina', 8 'Washington navel', 13 'Biondo Commune', 10 'Tarocco', 6 'Valencia late', 1 'Sanguinello', and 1 'Vanilla' sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis), four sour oranges (C. aurantium), 21 'Commune' and 7 'Monreale' clementines (C. clementina), 8 'Common' and 2 'Avana' mandarins (C. reticulata), 8 'Ovale di Sorrento' and 6 'Zagara' lemons (C. lemon), 2 Tangelos (C. reticulata × C. paradisi), and 1 grapefruit (C. paradisi). Nearly all (37 of 38) mandarin and clementine trees showed cachexia-like symptoms. Severe bark scaling that is characteristic of exocortis disease was observed on a single 'Ovale di Sorrento' lemon, the only tree incidentally found to be grafted onto the exocortis-sensitive trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) rootstock, since sour orange (C. aurantium) is the main rootstock used in Campania. Samples (104 of 112) that had been graft-inoculated into Arizona 861-S1 'Etrog c...Continue Reading

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