A survey of vitamin A concentrations in the liver of food-producing animals

Food Additives and Contaminants
L C Howells, C T Livesey

Abstract

High oral doses of vitamin A have been shown to be teratogenic and accordingly the World Health Organization has recommended that the daily intake for pregnant women should not exceed 3.3 mg. Liver contains high concentrations of this vitamin and consequently it has become necessary to assess its level in the livers of food animals. A survey of fresh, frozen, imported and home-produced retail liver samples from calf (42), ox (121), lamb (228), pig (133) and chicken (125) was carried out between August 1992 and April 1993 using a modified version of the method of Ashoor and Knox (1987) to determine retinol and retinyl esters. Interlaboratory comparison showed no significant difference in results for this method and a method which employed hydrolysis of retinyl esters, and there were significant advantages in specificity, simplicity, cost and quality control. The mean +/- sd total vitamin A concentration calculated as retinol equivalents, for all species surveyed was 139 +/- 96 with a range of 3-1267 mg/kg liver. Mean values for individual species were: calf 188 +/- 125, ox 142 +/- 110, lamb 173 +/- 104, pig 174 +/- 118 and chicken 97 +/- 44 mg/kg liver. No change in the vitamin A concentrations in liver were observed compared wi...Continue Reading

References

May 1, 1992·Food Additives and Contaminants·M J ScotterD J Lewis
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Citations

Jun 13, 2009·International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition·Videanny Videnov Alves Dos SantosRoberto Dimenstein
Oct 27, 2015·The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science·Wageh Sobhy DarwishMayumi Ishizuka
Aug 22, 2012·The Anatomical Record : Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology·Haruki SenooRune Blomhoff
Jul 1, 2006·Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism·Rose Cléia Praxedes de AquinoRoberto Dimenstein
Nov 22, 2000·The Veterinary Quarterly·T A NiewoldJ van der Meulen
Jun 11, 2019·The International Journal of Pharmacy Practice·Masaki ShojiTakeo Nakayama
Apr 4, 2003·The Journal of Nutrition·Kristina L PennistonSherry A Tanumihardjo
Nov 3, 2020·Frontiers in Veterinary Science·Stephanie M DiaoLisa A Tell

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