A systematic approach to epicardial echocardiography in pediatric cardiac surgery: An important but underutilized intraoperative tool.

Annals of Pediatric Cardiology
Neeraj AwasthyKrishna Subramony Iyer

Abstract

Intraoperative echocardiography is an integral component of the peri-operative management of pediatric heart disease. It confirms the adequacy of surgery, identifies residual lesions, and can provide useful hemodynamic data. It, therefore, helps to decide on the need for revision of repair and guides the postoperative management strategy. Intraoperative echocardiography is done with the use of either an epicardial probe or a transesophageal probe. Epicardial echocardiography is a simple, useful modality and has the ability to perform imaging in cases where transesophageal echocardiography cannot be easily performed, for example, in low birth weight babies. We attempt to describe in detail the technique of epicardial echocardiography and the various views that we have found useful for a complete postsurgical evaluation. The limitations of the technique are also discussed in detail.

References

Oct 1, 1992·The Annals of Thoracic Surgery·R M UngerleiderJ A Kisslo
Apr 1, 1995·Mayo Clinic Proceedings·M J Rice, D J Sahn
Jun 9, 1999·Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography·J G Stevenson
Sep 12, 2003·Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia·Holger K EltzschigStanton K Shernan
Jan 8, 2005·Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography·Nancy A AyresUNKNOWN Pediatric Council of the American Society of the Echocardiography
Apr 3, 2007·Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography·Scott T ReevesUNKNOWN Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists
Sep 12, 2015·Archives of Disease in Childhood·Nguyenvu NguyenA Thomas Pezzella
May 16, 2019·World Journal for Pediatric & Congenital Heart Surgery·Kenan W D SternShelby Kutty

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