A systematic review of pathways to and processes associated with radicalization and extremism amongst Muslims in Western societies

International Review of Psychiatry
Angela McGillowayKamaldeep S Bhui

Abstract

Following the terrorist attacks of 9/11 in the USA and 7/7 in the UK, academic interest in factors involved in radicalization and terrorism has increased dramatically. Many related social and psychological theories have been put forward, however terrorism literature still lacks empirical research. In particular, little is known about the early processes and pathways to radicalization. Our aim is to investigate original research on pathways and processes associated with radicalization and extremism amongst people of Muslim heritage living in Western societies, that is, the group prioritized by counter-terrorism policy. Studies included in the review were original qualitative or quantitative primary research published in peer-reviewed journals, identified by searching research databases. All disciplines of journals were included. No single cause or pathway was implicated in radicalization and violent extremism. Individuals may demonstrate vulnerabilities that increase exposure to radicalization; however, the only common characteristic determined that terrorists are generally well-integrated, 'normal' individuals. Engagement in such activity is dependent on a wide range of interacting variables influenced by personal, localized an...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 3, 2017·CNS Spectrums·Anne Maria Möller-Leimkühler
Nov 2, 2018·Nordic Journal of Psychiatry·Kamaldeep Bhui
Mar 7, 2019·International Journal of Public Health·Rochelle L FrounfelkerLeen d'Haenens
Dec 1, 2018·European Psychiatry : the Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists·Błażej MisiakGeert Dom
Aug 15, 2017·International Review of Psychiatry·Aneta D TunariuIan P Albery
Mar 30, 2020·Der Nervenarzt·S SeidenbecherB Bogerts
Nov 2, 2019·Archives of public health = Archives belges de santé publique·Cécile RousseauYoussef Oulhote
Jun 14, 2019·The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry·Russ Scott
Oct 13, 2021·Transcultural Psychiatry·Cécile RousseauLaurence J Kirmayer

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