A systematic study on hemocyte identification and plasma prophenoloxidase from Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus at different developmental stages

Experimental Parasitology
Zhixiang WangErjun Ling

Abstract

Culexpipiens quinquefasciatus (C. quinquefasciatus) is an important vector that can transmit human diseases such as West Nile virus, lymphatic filariasis, Japanese encephalitis and St. Louis encephalitis. However, very limited research concerning the humoral and cellular immune defenses of C. quinquefasciatus has been done. Here we present the research on hemocyte identification and plasma including hemocyte prophenoloxidase from C. quinquefasciatus at all developmental stages in order to obtain a complete picture of C. quinquefasciatus innate immunity. We identified hemocytes into four types: prohemocytes, oenocytoids, plasmatocytes and granulocytes. Prophenoloxidase (PPO) is an essential enzyme to induce melanization after encapsulation. PPO-positive hemocytes and plasma PPO were observed at all developmental stages. As for specific hemocyte types, prophenoloxidase was found in the plasmatocytes at larval stage alone and in the smallest prohemocytes during almost all developmental stages. Moreover, the granulocytes were PPO-positive from blood-fed female mosquitoes and oenocytoids were observed PPO-positive in pupae and in adult females after blood-feeding. As for plasma, there were different patterns of PPO in C. quinquefasc...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 3, 2014·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Javier Hernández LópezUlrike Riessberger-Gallé
May 15, 2012·Developmental and Comparative Immunology·Yang ChenErjun Ling
May 9, 2012·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology·Dan ZhouChangliang Zhu
Apr 23, 2016·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology·E MengXiao-Qiang Yu
Jul 30, 2014·Frontiers in Physiology·Anrui LuErjun Ling
Oct 14, 2014·Current Opinion in Insect Science·Julián F Hillyer, Michael R Strand
Nov 26, 2015·Scientific Reports·Kai WuErjun Ling
Jul 18, 2015·Viruses·Alexander W E FranzRollie J Clem
Mar 1, 2012·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Qimiao ShaoErjun Ling
Jul 25, 2018·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Maiara S SeveroElena A Levashina
Jun 27, 2019·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Hyeogsun Kwon, Ryan C Smith

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