A theory for the phase behavior of mixtures of active particles

Soft Matter
S C Takatori, J F Brady

Abstract

Systems at equilibrium like molecular or colloidal suspensions have a well-defined thermal energy kBT that quantifies the particles' kinetic energy and gauges how "hot" or "cold" the system is. For systems far from equilibrium, such as active matter, it is unclear whether the concept of a "temperature" exists and whether self-propelled entities are capable of thermally equilibrating like passive Brownian suspensions. Here we develop a simple mechanical theory to study the phase behavior and "temperature" of a mixture of self-propelled particles. A mixture of active swimmers and passive Brownian particles is an ideal system for discovery of the temperature of active matter and the quantities that get shared upon particle collisions. We derive an explicit equation of state for the active/passive mixture to compute a phase diagram and to generalize thermodynamic concepts like the chemical potential and free energy for a mixture of nonequilibrium species. We find that different stability criteria predict in general different phase boundaries, facilitating considerations in simulations and experiments about which ensemble of variables are held fixed and varied.

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Citations

Nov 7, 2017·Soft Matter·Demian LevisIgnacio Pagonabarraga
Jun 27, 2018·Soft Matter·Liana VaccariKathleen J Stebe
Aug 19, 2016·Nature Communications·Raphaël JeanneretMarco Polin
May 7, 2020·Soft Matter·Simin YeMingcheng Yang
Nov 10, 2017·The Journal of Chemical Physics·Sunita KumariMargarida M Telo da Gama
Feb 24, 2019·The Journal of Chemical Physics·Philip Krinninger, Matthias Schmidt
Apr 17, 2020·The Journal of Chemical Physics·Berend van der MeerLaura Filion
Sep 3, 2017·The Journal of Chemical Physics·Siddharth PaliwalMarjolein Dijkstra
Jul 15, 2016·Physical Review. E·Thomas Speck, Robert L Jack
Jan 14, 2017·Physical Review. E·Stefano SteffenoniGianmaria Falasco
Dec 21, 2019·Soft Matter·Thomas Kolb, Daphne Klotsa
Jun 18, 2017·Physical Review. E·Stefano SteffenoniKlaus Kroy
Jun 18, 2017·Physical Review. E·Eric W Burkholder, John F Brady
Feb 17, 2018·Physical Review. E·René WittmannU Marini Bettolo Marconi
May 2, 2020·Physical Review Letters·Peng LiuMingcheng Yang
Feb 20, 2020·Physical Review. E·Andreas FischerThomas Speck
Apr 15, 2016·Physical Review. E·Marc Joyeux, Eric Bertin
Jun 7, 2016·Soft Matter·Kyongmin YeoPetia M Vlahovska
Jan 21, 2017·Physical Review Letters·S C Takatori, J F Brady
Oct 3, 2018·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Helena Massana-CidPietro Tierno
Dec 20, 2019·Soft Matter·Eric W Burkholder, John F Brady
Jun 27, 2020·Soft Matter·Yunfei DuZhonghuai Hou
Nov 18, 2017·Soft Matter·Jeroen RodenburgRené van Roij
Oct 20, 2018·Soft Matter·Mario TheersGerhard Gompper
Jan 22, 2021·Soft Matter·Pablo de CastroPeter Sollich
Mar 20, 2021·Physical Review. E·Lutz Schimansky-GeierAlexander B Neiman

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