A three-dimensional study of facial mimicry in healthy young adults

Journal of Cranio-maxillo-facial Surgery : Official Publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery
C SforzaV F Ferrario

Abstract

To assess sex-related characteristics in facial movements, and to define a set of reference normal values, 20 healthy young adults (10 men, 10 women) performed six standardized facial movements (maximum smile; free smile; "surprise" with closed mouth; "surprise" with open mouth; right- and left-side eye closures). The three-dimensional coordinates of 21 soft-tissue facial landmarks were recorded by an optoelectronic motion analyzer, their movements computed, and standardized for facial dimensions. Asymmetry indices were calculated. The mouth area had the largest movements. Sex-related differences were found only for the superciliare landmark (men had larger movements than women, p<0.001). Asymmetries in the eyes, mouth and nose were similar in both sexes (p>0.01), with a significant effect of movement (p<0.001): eye and mouth asymmetry was larger during the asymmetric eye closures than during the symmetric movements. The right-side asymmetric movements were somewhat larger than the left-side ones. The total facial movement did not differ between sexes; the "surprise with mouth open" movement had the largest landmark displacements (p<0.001). In conclusion, normal young adult men and women had similar standardized facial movement...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 17, 2016·Legal Medicine·D GibelliC Cattaneo
Mar 30, 2012·International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery·C SforzaV F Ferrario
Aug 30, 2011·Journal of Cranio-maxillo-facial Surgery : Official Publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery·Chiarella SforzaFederico Biglioli
Apr 6, 2011·Journal of Cranio-maxillo-facial Surgery : Official Publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery·Federico BiglioliRoberto Brusati
Apr 21, 2012·Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research·H PopatP L Rosin
Apr 15, 2015·Clinical Anatomy : Official Journal of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists & the British Association of Clinical Anatomists·Jae-Gi LeeHee-Jin Kim
Dec 3, 2016·Journal of Forensic Sciences·Daniele GibelliCristina Cattaneo
Feb 16, 2017·Aesthetic Surgery Journal·Tim T WangSteve Merten
Apr 16, 2011·Otolaryngology--head and Neck Surgery : Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery·Hashmat PopatPaul L Rosin
Jan 11, 2014·The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery·Fernanda Vincia SidequerskyChiarella Sforza
Nov 16, 2019·The Cleft Palate-craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association·Rami R HallacAlex A Kane
Oct 21, 2016·Clinical Anatomy : Official Journal of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists & the British Association of Clinical Anatomists·Fernanda V SidequerskyChiarella Sforza
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Jul 23, 2019·Journal of Biomechanics·Nicole DagnesKhalil Ben Mansour
Jun 25, 2021·Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine·Branislav KollarSteffen U Eisenhardt

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