Abstract
Ehrlichioses are emerging, tick-borne diseases distributed worldwide. Previously established animal models use needle inoculation as a mode of infection; however, there is limited representation of natural transmission in artificially inoculated models compared with transmission by the tick vector. The objective of this study was to develop a tick vector transmission animal model of ehrlichial infection using a human pathogen, Ehrlichia muris-like agent (EMLA). Ixodes scapularis larvae were fed on EMLA-infected mice, and after molting, infected nymphs were used to infest naive animals. Ehrlichiae were acquired by 90%-100% of feeding larvae. The majority of animals fed upon by infected nymphs developed sublethal infection with 27% lethality. Bacteria disseminated to all tissues tested with greatest bacterial loads in lungs, but also spleen, lymph nodes, liver, kidneys, brain, and bone marrow. Numerous foci of cellular infiltration, mitoses, and hepatocellular death were observed in liver. Mice infected by tick transmission developed higher antiehrlichial antibody levels than needle-inoculated animals. Tick-feeding-site reactions were observed, but there was no observed difference between animals infested with infected or uninfec...Continue Reading
References
Jun 1, 1996·Journal of Clinical Microbiology·S D GauntB Brennan
Feb 12, 1998·Journal of Clinical Microbiology·S HarrusH Bark
Sep 8, 1998·Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology·B R Ferreira, J S Silva
Feb 13, 2001·The American Journal of Pathology·E A SotomayorJ P Olano
Feb 10, 2004·Journal of Medical Entomology·S Wesley LongXue-Jie Yu
Jul 8, 2008·Vaccine·A PretoriusB A Allsopp
Mar 19, 2009·Parasite Immunology·F J Alarcon-ChaidezS K Wikel
Jan 29, 2011·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Carlo José F OliveiraBeatriz R Ferreira
May 27, 2011·Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases·Aurélie KernNathalie Boulanger
Nov 22, 2011·Parasite Immunology·J Lieskovská, J Kopecký
Dec 21, 2012·Future Microbiology·Faith KungUtpal Pal
Jan 10, 2013·Veterinary Parasitology·Josephus J FourieFrans Jongejan
Jul 3, 2013·Circulation·Tim J SchuijtCornelis van 't Veer
Jul 5, 2013·PLoS Pathogens·Stephen G PrestonJonathan M Austyn
Aug 22, 2013·Veterinary Parasitology·Josephus J FourieFrans Jongejan
Aug 24, 2013·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Mária Kazimírová, Iveta Štibrániová
Oct 10, 2013·Parasite Immunology·M SlovákP A Nuttall
Oct 19, 2013·Parasite : Journal De La Société Française De Parasitologie·Josephus Johannes FourieFrans Jongejan
Dec 7, 2013·Frontiers in Microbiology·Stephen Wikel
Jul 6, 2014·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·Tais Berelli SaitoDavid H Walker
Aug 12, 2014·International Journal for Parasitology·Lwiindi MudendaKelly A Brayton
Citations
Jan 30, 2016·Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases·Sandor E KarpathyMichael L Levin
Jan 3, 2016·The American Journal of Pathology·David H Walker
May 14, 2016·MMWR. Recommendations and Reports : Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Recommendations and Reports·Holly M BiggsMarc S Traeger
Jul 6, 2018·PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases·Yan GeHong Yin
May 12, 2019·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Geoffrey E LynnUlrike G Munderloh
Jul 1, 2020·The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Vanessa V Sarathy, David H Walker
Jan 29, 2017·Parasites & Vectors·Geoffrey E LynnUlrike G Munderloh
Aug 31, 2016·Veterinary Sciences·Tais B Saito, David H Walker
May 21, 2017·Parasites & Vectors·Brian H HerrinSusan E Little
Jan 8, 2021·BMC Genomics·Mingqun LinYasuko Rikihisa
Apr 23, 2021·Journal of Medical Entomology·Jean I TsaoGraham J Hickling
Apr 18, 2021·Wilderness & Environmental Medicine·Alex C Overmiller, Cindy C Bitter