A two-phase response of endothelial cells to hydrostatic pressure

Journal of Cell Science
Valeria PrystopiukJohannes Fels

Abstract

The vascular endothelium is exposed to three types of mechanical forces: blood flow-mediated shear stress, vessel diameter-dependent wall tension and hydrostatic pressure. Despite considerable variations of blood pressure during normal and pathological physiology, little is known about the acute molecular and cellular effects of hydrostatic pressure on endothelial cells. Here, we used a combination of quantitative fluorescence microscopy, atomic force microscopy and molecular perturbations to characterize the specific response of endothelial cells to application of pressure. We identified a two-phase response of endothelial cells with an initial response to acute (1 h) application of pressure (100 mmHg) followed by a different response to chronic (24 h) application. While both regimes induce cortical stiffening, the acute response is linked to Ca2+-mediated myosin activation, whereas the chronic cell response is dominated by increased cortical actin density and a loss in endothelial barrier function. GsMTx-4 and amiloride inhibit the acute pressure response, which suggests that the ENaC Na+ channel is a key player in endothelial pressure sensing. The described two-phase pressure response may participate in the differential effe...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 24, 2018·Hepatology : Official Journal of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases·Bartlomiej ZapotocznyMarek Szymonski
Jan 30, 2019·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Maryam RezaeiJohannes A Eble
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Aug 12, 2019·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. General Subjects·Weiqi Li, Wen Wang
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Jun 23, 2021·Communications Biology·Claire A DessallesAbdul I Barakat
Jul 24, 2021·Advanced Healthcare Materials·Hyeonji YuJungwook Kim
Aug 3, 2021·Veterinary Clinical Pathology·Flavio H AlonsoPaulo R O Paes
Aug 26, 2021·Journal of Cell Science·Koichiro MakiSara A Wickström

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