A unique case of ectopic Cushing's syndrome from a thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma

Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Case Reports
Lima LawrenceVinni Makin

Abstract

Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) production leading to ectopic ACTH syndrome accounts for a small proportion of all Cushing's syndrome (CS) cases. Thymic neuroendocrine tumors are rare neoplasms that may secrete ACTH leading to rapid development of hypercortisolism causing electrolyte and metabolic abnormalities, uncontrolled hypertension and an increased risk for opportunistic infections. We present a unique case of a patient who presented with a mediastinal mass, revealed to be an ACTH-secreting thymic neuroendocrine tumor (NET) causing ectopic CS. As the diagnosis of CS from ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS) remains challenging, we emphasize the necessity for high clinical suspicion in the appropriate setting, concordance between biochemical, imaging and pathology findings, along with continued vigilant monitoring for recurrence after definitive treatment. Learning points: Functional thymic neuroendocrine tumors are exceedingly rare. Ectopic Cushing's syndrome secondary to thymic neuroendocrine tumors secreting ACTH present with features of hypercortisolism including electrolyte and metabolic abnormalities, uncontrolled hypertension and hyperglycemia, and opportunistic infections. The ability to undergo surgery and compl...Continue Reading

References

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
X-ray
biopsy
surgical resection

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