A Universal Geochemical Scenario for Formamide Condensation and Prebiotic Chemistry

Chemistry : a European Journal
Raffaele SaladinoJuan Manuel García-Ruiz

Abstract

The condensation of formamide has been shown to be a robust chemical pathway affording molecules necessary for the origin of life. It has been experimentally demonstrated that condensation reactions of formamide are catalyzed by a number of minerals, including silicates, phosphates, sulfides, zirconia, and borates, and by cosmic dusts and meteorites. However, a critical discussion of the catalytic power of the tested minerals, and the geochemical conditions under which the condensation would occur, is still missing. We show here that mineral self-assembled structures forming under alkaline silica-rich solutions are excellent catalysts for the condensation of formamide with respect to other minerals. We also propose that these structures were likely forming as early as 4.4 billion years ago when the whole earth surface was a reactor, a global scale factory, releasing large amounts of organic compounds. Our experimental results suggest that the conditions required for the synthesis of the molecular bricks from which life self-assembles, rather than being local and bizarre, appears to be universal and geologically rather conventional.

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Citations

Jul 18, 2020·Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics·Venelin EnchevNadezhda Markova
May 20, 2020·Chemistry : a European Journal·Florian M KruseOliver Trapp
Aug 17, 2019·Chemical Communications : Chem Comm·Adam PastorekMartin Ferus
Jan 17, 2020·Angewandte Chemie·Andreas Kirschning
Oct 28, 2020·Chemistry : a European Journal·Georgios AngelisGeorgios Pampalakis
Feb 9, 2021·Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids·Qingpu Wang, Oliver Steinbock
Jan 23, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Bruno Mattia BizzarriErnesto Di Mauro
Nov 19, 2020·Natural Product Reports·Andreas Kirschning
Jul 13, 2021·The Journal of Organic Chemistry·Caroline GrundkeTill Opatz
Oct 1, 2021·Chemistry : a European Journal·Melese GetenetJuan Manuel García-Ruiz
Apr 19, 2020·Physics of Life Reviews·Juan Manuel García-RuizWolfgang Bach

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