A way to avoid using precious metals: the application of high-surface activated carbon for the synthesis of isoindoles via the Diels-Alder reaction of 2H-pyran-2-ones

The Journal of Organic Chemistry
Marko KrivecMarijan Kočevar

Abstract

The application of activated carbon (Darco KB) for the acceleration and direction of the transformation of various 2H-pyran-2-ones with N-substituted maleimides toward isoindole derivatives through the reaction sequence cycloaddition/elimination/dehydrogenation is described. In this reaction, the catalyst mainly influences the dehydrogenation step, which is essential to avoid the formation of bicyclo[2.2.2]octenes as the other possible products. We found that the combination of Darco KB, as the metal-free catalyst, and decalin, as the solvent in a closed vessel, represents the most successful conditions. A comparison of the effect of various dehydrogenation catalysts and reaction conditions is also presented. In addition, we have proven that the aromatization occurs via a hydrogen transfer from the cyclohexadiene intermediate to the maleimide derivative (therefore producing succinimides). This transfer is facilitated by the active surface of the heterogeneous carbon-based catalyst.

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Citations

May 25, 2012·Chemical Communications : Chem Comm·Bernd M SchmidtDieter Lentz
May 7, 2019·The Journal of Organic Chemistry·Ana BornadiegoCarlos F Marcos

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