A zoospore inhibition technique to evaluate the activity of antifungal compounds against Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and unsuccessful treatment of experimentally infected green tree frogs (Litoria caerulea) by fluconazole and benzalkonium chloride

Research in Veterinary Science
Lee BergerLee F Skerratt

Abstract

Effective and safe treatments of chytridiomycosis in amphibians, caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, are needed to help prevent mortality in captive programs for threatened species, to reduce the risk of spread, and to better manage the disease in threatened populations. We describe a simple method to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antifungal agents that involves adding zoospores to various drug concentrations in 96 well plates and microscopic observation after four days. We report results from testing 10 commercially available antifungal compounds: benzalkonium chloride (<0.78 microg/ml), povidone iodine (312.5 microg/ml), amphotericin B (3.125 microg/ml), fluconazole (<1.56 microg/ml), itraconazole (<1.56 microg/ml), enilconazole (<1.56 microg/ml), mercurochrome (6.25 microg/ml), sodium chloride (12.5mg/ml), methylene blue (<1.56 microg/ml) and Virkon (3.125 microg/ml). For treatment trials of juvenile Litoria caerulea, baths of benzalkonium chloride at 1mg/L and fluconazole at 25mg/L were used on 18 experimentally infected frogs per treatment. Although these treatments resulted in longer survival times (mean 43.7+/-11.3 days) than in the untreated controls (37.9+/-9.3 days), the mortality rate wa...Continue Reading

References

Jan 1, 1991·Journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology : Bi-monthly Publication of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology·J M GroffR P Hedrick
Jul 22, 1998·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·L BergerH Parkes
Mar 12, 1999·Journal of Wildlife Diseases·S K TaylorA C Pier
Jul 31, 2003·Diseases of Aquatic Organisms·Douglas C WoodhamsGerry Marantelli
Feb 10, 2006·Diseases of Aquatic Organisms·Lee BergerRick Speare
Feb 10, 2006·Diseases of Aquatic Organisms·Lee BergerJoyce E Longcore
Jul 11, 2006·Science·Joseph R MendelsonEdmund D Brodie

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Sep 27, 2012·BMC Veterinary Research·Mariska MuijsersFrank Pasmans
Sep 18, 2010·The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science·Kenichi TamukaiKoichi Goka
Nov 9, 2012·Diseases of Aquatic Organisms·Laura A BrannellyAllan P Pessier
Apr 12, 2013·Diseases of Aquatic Organisms·Corina C Geiger, Benedikt R Schmidt
Jan 13, 2012·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Joshua H Daskin, Ross A Alford
May 7, 2013·The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Exotic Animal Practice·La'Toya V Latney, Eric Klaphake
Oct 31, 2014·Conservation Biology : the Journal of the Society for Conservation Biology·Michelle Pirrie StockwellMichael Joseph Mahony
Oct 13, 2015·Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics·V K LlewelynB D Glass
Jul 28, 2017·Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine : Official Publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians·Amy RifkinEllen Bronson
Jun 5, 2019·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Minjie Fu, Bruce Waldman
Jun 29, 2013·Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine : Official Publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians·Timothy A GeoroffPaul P Calle
Aug 20, 2019·Journal of Microbiological Methods·Rebecca Jane WebbAlexandra A Roberts

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Antifungals

An antifungal, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis, and others. Discover the latest research on antifungals here.

Antifungals (ASM)

An antifungal, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis, and others. Discover the latest research on antifungals here.