PMID: 9190144Jun 1, 1997Paper

Above the glass ceiling? A comparison of matched samples of female and male executives

The Journal of Applied Psychology
K S Lyness, D E Thompson

Abstract

In this study the authors compare career and work experiences of executive women and men. Female (n = 51) and male (n = 56) financial services executives in comparable jobs were studied through archival information on organizational outcomes and career histories, and survey measures of work experiences. Similarities were found in several organizational outcomes, such as compensation, and many work attitudes. Important differences were found, however, with women having less authority, receiving fewer stock options, and having less international mobility than men. Women at the highest executive levels reported more obstacles than lower level women. The gender differences coupled with women's lower satisfaction with future career opportunities raise questions about whether women are truly above the glass ceiling or have come up against a 2nd, higher ceiling.

Citations

Jan 8, 1999·BMJ : British Medical Journal·K J KvaernerG S Botten
Jun 6, 2014·Health Care Management Review·Darin NeiBrett J Litwiller
Mar 23, 2006·The Journal of Applied Psychology·Margaret L WilliamsNhung T Nguyen
Jan 18, 2007·The Journal of Applied Psychology·Michael T FordKrista L Langkamer
Jul 16, 2010·International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health·Agnieszka Lipińska-Grobelny, Katarzyna Wasiak
Jan 18, 2007·The Journal of Applied Psychology·Wendy J CasperDawn Lambert
Sep 28, 2007·Journal of Nursing Management·Catherine Tracey, Honor Nicholl
Jun 15, 2021·Frontiers in Psychology·Margaret M HopkinsAlison Broadfoot
Jun 29, 2002·Psychological Review·Alice H Eagly, Steven J Karau
Mar 31, 2000·The Journal of Applied Psychology·K S Lyness, D E Thompson
Sep 13, 2021·American Journal of Ophthalmology·Marissa PatelJayanth Sridhar

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