Abrin poisoning in an 18-month-old child

The American Journal of Case Reports
Mazin AlhamdaniPramod Narula

Abstract

When discussing known poisons and their clinical consequences, few physicians are aware of the deadly poison abrin. The common symptoms of abrin toxicity include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea with or without bloody stool. However, with an estimated fatal human dose of less than 1 microgram/kg, death due to complications such as liver failure, renal failure, and cerebral edema are possible. An 18-month-old male presented to the emergency department with an abrupt onset of fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration. The parents had assumed the child was suffering from a severe gastroenteritis until they noticed 3 consecutive diapers containing colorful seeds that were identified by poison control as belonging to the Abrus precatorius plant. The child's gastrointestinal symptoms were consistent with reported cases of abrin poisoning, but the patient also had an isolated and significantly elevated alkaline phosphatase, with testing unable to reveal the responsible pathological process. To reduce morbidity and possible mortality, parents and pediatricians alike should be conscious of the danger the Abrus precatorius seed poses to the pediatric population. Children are at a greater risk of ingesting these seeds due t...Continue Reading

References

Oct 1, 1996·Clinical Pediatrics·G V MasseyE C Russell
Jun 9, 2004·Toxicological Reviews·Kirsten J DickersJ Allister Vale
Jun 22, 2010·Journal of Medical Toxicology : Official Journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology·David H JangLewis S Nelson
Mar 31, 2011·Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology·Serap TuranAbdullah Bereket
Feb 14, 2014·Journal of Medical Toxicology : Official Journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology·Joe Valentine WootenRudolph C Johnson

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Citations

Mar 8, 2016·Wilderness & Environmental Medicine·James H Diaz
Nov 29, 2017·Toxins·Xiaohua HeDavid L Brandon
Dec 6, 2018·Toxins·Christina C TamLuisa W Cheng
Jul 28, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Nguyen Van QuanRolf Teschke

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