Abstract
A 2012 report and subsequent case series described anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibodies in patients during the acute phase and relapse of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) encephalitis (HSV1E). However, the prevalence of this phenomenon is unknown and systematic studies on other viral infections of the nervous system are missing. We retrospectively analyzed serial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples of consecutive patients treated for neurological HSV1, HSV2 and varicella zoster virus (VZV) infections in our tertiary care university hospital between 2003 and 2013 for the presence of antibodies directed against the NR1a subunit of the NMDAR using indirect immunofluorescence. In total, 88 patients with the following infections were identified through an electronic database search: HSV1 (24 with encephalitis), HSV2 (6 with meningitis, 3 with encephalitis and 1 with myelitis), or VZV (3 with meningitis, 33 with encephalitis, 17 with radiculitis and 1 with myelitis). Two patients with HSV1E and HSV2E, respectively, experienced a clinical relapse. Clinical follow-up was for up to 85 months, and repetitive serum and CSF analyses for up to 43 months. However, at no time did any of the 88 patients exhibit anti-NMDAR...Continue Reading
References
May 1, 1998·Clinical and Diagnostic Virology·A FomsgaardB F Vestergaard
Mar 10, 2001·Journal of the Neurological Sciences·H Reiber, J B Peter
Jul 27, 2001·Journal of Medical Virology·E Puchhammer-StöcklI Gödl
Jul 13, 2002·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Franck RaschilasFlore Rozenberg
Oct 14, 2005·Journal of Neurology·B SköldenbergL Rosengren
Oct 19, 2010·Journal of Neuroimmunology·Klaus-Peter WandingerJosep Dalmau
Dec 18, 2010·Lancet Neurology·Josep DalmauRita Balice-Gordon
Jul 23, 2011·Lancet Neurology·Angela VincentPatrick Waters
Jan 3, 2013·Annals of Neurology·Harald PrüssKlaus-Peter Wandinger
Jan 25, 2013·JAMA Psychiatry·Johann SteinerWinfried Stoecker
Jun 29, 2013·Clinical Neuropathology·Romana HöftbergerJosep Dalmau
Sep 4, 2013·Molecular Psychiatry·C HammerH Ehrenreich
Sep 10, 2013·Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society·Yael HacohenMing J Lim
Oct 4, 2013·Neurology·Frank LeypoldtJosep Dalmau
Oct 12, 2013·Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society·Shekeeb S MohammadFabienne Brilot
Dec 10, 2013·Annals of Neurology·Thaís ArmangueJosep Dalmau
Jan 25, 2014·Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society·Maarten J TitulaerJosep Dalmau
Jan 30, 2014·JAMA Neurology·Allen DesenaBenjamin M Greenberg
May 24, 2014·Annals of Neurology·Liane DahmHannelore Ehrenreich
Nov 8, 2014·Neurology·Wolf-Rüdiger SchäbitzChristian G Bien
Jul 18, 2015·Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society·Alasdair BamfordSunil P Pullaperuma
Oct 16, 2015·Internal Medicine·Ryuta KinnoEriko Kinugasa
Dec 25, 2015·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·A Katharina SimonAndrew McMichael
Citations
Feb 25, 2017·Current Opinion in Neurology·Harald Prüss
Jan 1, 2018·Allergo Journal : interdisziplinäre Zeitschrift für Allergologie und Umweltmedizin : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allergie- und Immunitätsforschung·Emanuel PuschChrysanthi Skevaki
Jan 1, 2018·Allergo Journal International·Emanuel PuschChrysanthi Skevaki