PMID: 6979053Jan 1, 1982Paper

Absolute and relative refractory periods of the substrates for lateral hypothalamic and ventral midbrain self-stimulation

Physiology & Behavior
C BielajewP Shizgal

Abstract

The pulse-pair paradigm was used to behaviorally assess the absolute and relative refractory periods of neurons subserving brain-stimulation reward. The amplitude of the second pulse was either equal to, 41% greater than, or 73% greater than the amplitude of the first pulse. In the equal amplitude condition, recovery from refractoriness began as early as 0.4 msec and did not asymptote until as late as 3.5 msec. A 41% increase in the intensity shortened the time course of recovery in five out of six cases. In only one of these five cases did a 73% increase in the intensity of the second pulse produce further changes in time course. Neither increase in the amplitude of the second pulse affected the time course of recovery in one subject. The absolute refractory periods of the directly stimulated reward-relevant neurons appear to be less than 1.5 msec and as short as 0.4 msec; some of these neurons have relative refractory periods that range between 1.0 and 3.5 msec.

References

Aug 1, 1977·Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology·G Matthews
May 1, 1979·Physiology & Behavior·J S Yeomans
Jun 1, 1978·Canadian Journal of Psychology·P M Milner
Dec 1, 1978·Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology·C R Gallistel
Nov 1, 1976·Behavioral Biology·J A DeutschF Wetter
May 1, 1981·Psychological Review·C R GallistelJ S Yeomans
Apr 1, 1980·Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology·P ShizgalJ Yeomans
May 1, 1980·Physiology & Behavior·W J Mundl
Nov 1, 1980·Physiology & Behavior·R W Skelton, P Shizgal

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Aug 1, 1992·Physiology & Behavior·M WaraczynskiP Shizgal
Sep 1, 1995·Physiology & Behavior·M Waraczynski, P Shizgal
Sep 1, 1985·Behavioural Brain Research·C Bielajew, G Fouriezos
Mar 31, 1994·Behavioural Brain Research·C Bielajew, M Trzcińska
Feb 28, 1994·Behavioural Brain Research·M P Vachon, E Miliaressis
Jan 14, 2000·Journal of Neuroscience Methods·A T KonkleC Bielajew

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.