Accurate real-time F<sub>E</sub>NO expirograms using complementary optical sensors
Abstract
The fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is an important biomarker for the diagnosis and management of asthma and other pulmonary diseases associated with airway inflammation. In this study we report on a novel method for accurate, highly time-resolved, real time detection of FENO at the mouth. The experimental arrangement is based on a combination of optical sensors for the determination of the temporal profile of exhaled NO and CO2 concentrations. Breath CO2 and exhalation flow are measured at the mouth using diode laser absorption spectroscopy (at 2 m) and differential pressure sensing, respectively. NO is determined in a sidestream configuration using a quantum cascade laser based, cavity-enhanced absorption cell (at 5.2 m) which simultaneously measures sidestream CO2. The at-mouth and sidestream CO2 measurements are used to enable the deconvolution of the sidestream NO measurement back to the at-mouth location. All measurements have a time resolution of 0.1 s, limited by the requirement of a reasonable limit of detection for the NO measurement, which on this timescale is 4.7 ppb (2). Using this methodology, NO expirograms (FENOgrams) were measured and compared for 8 healthy volunteers. The FENOgrams appear to differ ...Continue Reading
References
Cavity ringdown spectroscopic detection of nitric oxide with a continuous-wave quantum-cascade laser
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