Acetylcholine release and the cholinergic genomic locus

Molecular Neurobiology
M Israël, Y Dunant

Abstract

Choline acetyltransferase and vesicular acetylcholine-transporter genes are adjacent and coregulated. They define a cholinergic locus that can be turned on under the control of several factors, including the neurotrophins and the cytokines. Hirschprung's disease, or congenital megacolon, is characterized by agenesis of intramural cholinergic ganglia in the colorectal region. It results from mutations of the RET (GDNF-activated) and the endothelin-receptor genes, causing a disregulation in the cholinergic locus. Using cultured cells, it was shown that the cholinergic locus and the proteins involved in acetylcholine (ACh) release can be expressed separately ACh release could be demonstrated by means of biochemical and electrophysiological assays even in noncholinergic cells following preloading with the transmitter. Some noncholinergic or even nonneuronal cell types were found to be capable of releasing ACh quanta. In contrast, other cells were incompetent for ACh release. Among them, neuroblastoma N18TG-2 cells were rendered release-competent by transfection with the mediatophore gene. Mediatophore is an ACh-translocating protein that has been purified from plasma membranes of Torpedo nerve terminal; it confers a specificity for...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 8, 2000·Metabolic Brain Disease·A BlocY Dunant
Jun 24, 2000·Biochimie·Y Dunant, M Israël
Jan 17, 2012·Journal of Neuroimmunology·Takeshi FujiiKoichiro Kawashima
Apr 11, 2000·Microscopy Research and Technique·Y Dunant
Nov 13, 2009·Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine·N V NaumenkoA L Zefirov
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Jan 27, 1999·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·G A RutterR Rizzuto

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