Achievement Gap in Reading Is Present as Early as First Grade and Persists through Adolescence

The Journal of Pediatrics
Emilio FerrerSally E Shaywitz

Abstract

To determine if differences between dyslexic and typical readers in their reading scores and verbal IQ are evident as early as first grade and whether the trajectory of these differences increases or decreases from childhood to adolescence. The subjects were the 414 participants comprising the Connecticut Longitudinal Study, a sample survey cohort, assessed yearly from 1st to 12th grade on measures of reading and IQ. Statistical analysis employed longitudinal models based on growth curves and multiple groups. As early as first grade, compared with typical readers, dyslexic readers had lower reading scores and verbal IQ, and their trajectories over time never converge with those of typical readers. These data demonstrate that such differences are not so much a function of increasing disparities over time but instead because of differences already present in first grade between typical and dyslexic readers. The achievement gap between typical and dyslexic readers is evident as early as first grade, and this gap persists into adolescence. These findings provide strong evidence and impetus for early identification of and intervention for young children at risk for dyslexia. Implementing effective reading programs as early as kinder...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Nov 21, 2018·Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools·Danielle ColenbranderHelen L Breadmore
Nov 21, 2018·Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools·Meredith Saletta
Oct 17, 2019·American Journal of Speech-language Pathology·Kimberly A Murphy, Laura M Justice
Oct 25, 2017·PeerJ·Ellie R H van SettenBen A M Maassen
Oct 24, 2018·Brain Sciences·Gorka FragaGonzálezJurgen Tijms
Jul 13, 2018·Annals of Dyslexia·Ellie R H van SettenBen A M Maassen
Oct 14, 2020·Brain Imaging and Behavior·Roger Mateu-EstivillJosep M Serra-Grabulosa
Oct 20, 2020·Annals of Dyslexia·Cara VerwimpJolijn Vanderauwera
Dec 6, 2020·Current Opinion in Psychiatry·Sally E ShaywitzBennett A Shaywitz
Nov 17, 2020·Frontiers in Public Health·Jeremy G GrantAmedeo D'Angiulli
Jul 13, 2021·Dyslexia : the Journal of the British Dyslexia Association·Missy SchraederRichard Mohn
Jul 28, 2021·Development and Psychopathology·Cara VerwimpReinout W Wiers
Sep 18, 2021·Annals of Dyslexia·George K GeorgiouKan Guo

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