Acoustic formation of multicellular tumor spheroids enabling on-chip functional and structural imaging

Lab on a Chip
K OlofssonMartin Wiklund

Abstract

Understanding the complex 3D tumor microenvironment is important in cancer research. This microenvironment can be modelled in vitro by culturing multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS). Key challenges when using MCTS in applications such as high-throughput drug screening are overcoming imaging and analytical issues encountered during functional and structural investigations. To address these challenges, we use an ultrasonic standing wave (USW) based MCTS culture platform for parallel formation, staining and imaging of 100 whole MCTS. A protein repellent amphiphilic polymer coating enables flexible production of high quality and unanchored MCTS. This enables high-content multimode analysis based on flow cytometry and in situ optical microscopy. We use HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma, A498 and ACHN renal carcinoma, and LUTC-2 thyroid carcinoma cell lines to demonstrate (i) the importance of the ultrasound-coating combination, (ii) bright field image based automatic characterization of MTCS, (iii) detailed deep tissue confocal imaging of whole MCTS mounted in a refractive index matching solution, and (iv) single cell functional analysis through flow cytometry of single cell suspensions of disintegrated MTCS. The USW MCTS culture platf...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 23, 2019·Lab on a Chip·James P K ArmstrongMolly M Stevens
May 2, 2020·Lab on a Chip·Karl OlofssonMartin Wiklund
Nov 18, 2018·Micromachines·Karl OlofssonMartin Wiklund
Nov 17, 2020·Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences·Steven J EdwardsHjalmar Brismar
Apr 4, 2021·Micromachines·Karl OlofssonMartin Wiklund
Jul 17, 2021·Advanced Materials·Pengchao ZhangLidong Qin
Nov 13, 2021·Chemical Reviews·Athanasios G AthanassiadisPeer Fischer

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
light scattering
confocal microscopy
flow cytometry
chip
X-ray
FACS
FRET

Software Mentioned

Fiji
MCTS
FlowJo
TrackMate
GraphPad Prism

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