Acoustically modulated magnetic resonance imaging of gas-filled protein nanostructures

Nature Materials
George J LuMikhail G Shapiro

Abstract

Non-invasive biological imaging requires materials capable of interacting with deeply penetrant forms of energy such as magnetic fields and sound waves. Here, we show that gas vesicles (GVs), a unique class of gas-filled protein nanostructures with differential magnetic susceptibility relative to water, can produce robust contrast in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at sub-nanomolar concentrations, and that this contrast can be inactivated with ultrasound in situ to enable background-free imaging. We demonstrate this capability in vitro, in cells expressing these nanostructures as genetically encoded reporters, and in three model in vivo scenarios. Genetic variants of GVs, differing in their magnetic or mechanical phenotypes, allow multiplexed imaging using parametric MRI and differential acoustic sensitivity. Additionally, clustering-induced changes in MRI contrast enable the design of dynamic molecular sensors. By coupling the complementary physics of MRI and ultrasound, this nanomaterial gives rise to a distinct modality for molecular imaging with unique advantages and capabilities.

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Citations

Mar 27, 2018·Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering·David MarescaMikhail G Shapiro
Oct 10, 2018·Radiology·Jeff W M Bulte, Heike E Daldrup-Link
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Feb 6, 2020·ACS Nano·George J LuMikhail G Shapiro
Oct 30, 2020·Nano Letters·Arash FarhadiJay L Nadeau

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
Transmission
chemical exchange saturation transfer
imaging techniques

Software Mentioned

Susceptibility Mapping and Phase Artifacts Removal Toolbox ( S...
ImageJ Processor
MATLAB
ParaVision
QSM
Finite Element Method Magnetics ( FEMM )
Fiji

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