Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura associated with severe ADAMTS13 deficiency in a 3-year-old boy: a case report and review of the literature

Journal of Medical Case Reports
Hamidah AliasRaja Zahratul Azma

Abstract

Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura is very rarely encountered in children. It is often misdiagnosed initially when the condition is not inherited. We describe a 3-year-old Malay boy who presented with simple febrile seizure and had no neurological deficit, however, he was found to have microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase. An ADAMTS13 assay results showed zero activities (0%), and markedly high level of ADAMTS13 inhibitor (93.15 U/mL) confirming the diagnosis of secondary thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura. He received fresh frozen plasma infusions for 3 days and subsequently his platelet levels normalized. Serial ADAMTS13 assay results showed improvement. He was also given a short course of prednisolone after which the ADAMTS13 activity normalized (> 114%) at the end of prednisolone course. At presentation, acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura in a very young child is commonly misdiagnosed as other conditions like idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Evans syndrome, atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome, or malignancy. ADAMTS13 assay should be performed early when thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura is suspected as this condition is associated with dire c...Continue Reading

References

Jan 3, 2006·Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis·Eric J Lowe, Eric J Werner
Dec 25, 2009·Blood·Johanna A Kremer HovingaJames N George
Sep 19, 2012·Nature Reviews. Nephrology·Marina NorisGiuseppe Remuzzi
Feb 21, 2013·Current Opinion in Pediatrics·Chantal LoiratAgnès Veyradier
Nov 19, 2013·Pediatric Clinics of North America·Howard Trachtman
Feb 11, 2016·The New England Journal of Medicine·Flora PeyvandiUNKNOWN TITAN Investigators
Dec 9, 2017·Journal of Pediatric Hematology/oncology·Francesco De LeonardisNicola Santoro
Feb 20, 2018·Advanced Biomedical Research·Reza NajafiMahin Hashemipour

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