Acquired urinary incontinence in the bitch: update and perspectives from human medicine. Part 2: The urethral component, pathophysiology and medical treatment

The Veterinary Journal
Stéphanie NoëlAnnick Hamaide

Abstract

Various pathologies can affect the bladder and/or urethral contractility causing signs of urinary incontinence. In this second part of a three-part review, the pathophysiology of impaired urethral contractility (including urethral hyper- and hypotonicity) in the bitch and in women is discussed. Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI) is the most common form of acquired urinary incontinence in bitches and is characterized by a decreased urethral tone. The pathophysiology and current recommended medical treatment options for USMI and cases of modified urethral tonicity due to a neurological disorder or functional outlet obstruction are discussed. Treatment options in human medicine in cases of impaired urethral contractility are described.

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Citations

Feb 23, 2012·The Journal of Small Animal Practice·W BeauvaisD C Brodbelt
Jun 21, 2014·Reproduction in Domestic Animals = Zuchthygiene·I M Reichler, M Hubler
Apr 1, 2015·The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice·Julie K Byron
Jul 23, 2013·Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery·Maria Carmela Pisu, Maria Cristina Veronesi
Nov 16, 2018·The Journal of Small Animal Practice·E J MilodowskiI C P Doran
Aug 9, 2017·Tierärztliche Praxis. Ausgabe K, Kleintiere/Heimtiere·Sebastian ArltIris M Reichler

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