Acquisition of Lateralized Predation Behavior Associated with Development of Mouth Asymmetry in a Lake Tanganyika Scale-Eating Cichlid Fish

PloS One
Yuichi TakeuchiYoichi Oda

Abstract

The scale-eating cichlid Perissodus microlepis with asymmetric mouth is an attractive model of behavioral laterality: each adult tears off scales from prey fishes' left or right flanks according to the direction in which its mouth is skewed. To investigate the development of behavioral laterality and mouth asymmetry, we analyzed stomach contents and lower jaw-bone asymmetry of various-sized P. microlepis (22 ≤ SL<115 mm) sampled in Lake Tanganyika. The shapes of the pored scales found in each specimen's stomach indicated its attack side preference. Early-juvenile specimens (SL<45 mm) feeding mainly on zooplankton exhibited slight but significant mouth asymmetry. As the fish acquired scale-eating (45 mm ≤ SL), attack side preference was gradually strengthened, as was mouth asymmetry. Among size-matched individuals, those with more skewed mouths ate more scales. These findings show that behavioral laterality in scale-eating P. microlepis is established in association with development of mouth asymmetry which precedes the behavioral acquisition, and that this synergistic interaction between physical and behavioral literalities may contribute to efficient scale-eating.

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Citations

Jul 10, 2018·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Adrian IndermaurWalter Salzburger
Dec 5, 2018·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Yuichi TakeuchiYoichi Oda
Aug 5, 2017·Zoological Science·Michio HoriYuichi Takeuchi
Feb 8, 2020·Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B, Molecular and Developmental Evolution·Amanda K PowersJoshua B Gross

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