Acquisition of virulence factors in livestock-associated MRSA: Lysogenic conversion of CC398 strains by virulence gene-containing phages

Scientific Reports
B KraushaarStefan Hertwig

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus MRSA strains belonging to the clonal complex 398 (CC398) are highly prevalent in livestock and companion animals but may also cause serious infections in humans. CC398 strains in livestock usually do not possess well-known virulence factors that can be frequently found in other MRSA sequence types (ST). Since many staphylococcal virulence genes are residing on the genomes of temperate phages, the question arises why livestock-associated (LA-) CC398 strains are only rarely infected by those phages. We isolated and characterized four temperate phages (P240, P282, P630 and P1105) containing genes of the immune evasion cluster (IEC) and/or for the Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL). Sequence analysis of the phage genomes showed that they are closely related to known phages and that the DNA region encoding lysis proteins, virulence factors and the integrase exhibits numerous DNA repeats which may facilitate genomic rearrangements. All phages lysed and lysogenized LA-CC398 strains. Integration of IEC phage P282 was detected at ten sites of the hosts' chromosome. The prophages were stably inherited in LA-CC398 and enterotoxin A, staphylokinase and PVL toxin were produced. The data demonstrate that lysogenic conver...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 20, 2018·Molecular Ecology·Norma M MorellaBritt Koskella
Jan 17, 2020·Microbial Drug Resistance : MDR : Mechanisms, Epidemiology, and Disease·Vânia SantosPatrícia Alexandra Curado Quintas Dinis Poeta
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Mar 7, 2021·Viruses·Adriana EneCatherine Putonti
May 3, 2021·Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology·James Shapiro, Denis Noble
Sep 29, 2019·Microbiology Spectrum·Hanne IngmerChristiane Wolz

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
KT809368
KT809369
KT878766
KY056620

Methods Mentioned

BETA
IEC
PCR
restriction digests
electron microscopy
transmission electron microscopy

Software Mentioned

Accelrys Gene
SMRT

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