Acromioclavicular joint injuries in overhead athletes: a concise review of injury mechanisms, treatment options, and outcomes

Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine
Christopher F DeansMatthew A Tao

Abstract

To review the relevant literature surrounding acromioclavicular (AC) joint injuries particularly pertaining to overhead athletes. The AC joint is a unique anatomic and biomechanical portion of the shoulder that can be problematic for athletes, particularly throwers, when injured. Treatment of these injuries remains a topic in evolution. Low-grade injuries (Rockwood types I & II) are typically treated non-operatively while high-grade injuries (types IV, V, and VI) are considered unstable and often require operative intervention. Type III AC separations remain the most controversial and challenging as no clear treatment algorithm has been established. A wide variety of surgical techniques exist. Unfortunately, relatively little literature exists with regard to overhead athletes specifically. Treatment of AC joint injuries remains challenging, at times, particularly for overhead athletes. Operative indications and techniques are still evolving, and more research is needed specifically surrounding overhead athletes.

References

Jul 1, 1978·The American Journal of Sports Medicine·J A BergfeldW G Clancy
Nov 1, 1977·The American Journal of Sports Medicine·J M GlickD Nishimoto
Oct 1, 1983·Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica·H BjerneldJ Thorling
Jan 1, 1981·The American Journal of Sports Medicine·J S Cox
May 5, 1999·Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery·J J KlimkiewiczJ P Iannotti
Sep 13, 2000·Annals of Biomedical Engineering·R E DebskiA Vangura
Dec 13, 2003·Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery·Elyazid MouhsineAlain Farron
Apr 8, 2004·The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume·Judie WaltonGeorge A C Murrell
Apr 20, 2004·The American Journal of Sports Medicine·Efstathios ChronopoulosEdward G McFarland
Dec 22, 2004·The American Journal of Sports Medicine·Darren P Corteen, Robert A Teitge
Feb 9, 2006·Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy : Official Journal of the ESSKA·I BisbinasD J A Learmonth
Feb 13, 2007·The American Journal of Sports Medicine·Clifford G RiosAugustus D Mazzocca
Apr 1, 2008·The American Journal of Sports Medicine·Augustus D MazzoccaRobert A Arciero
Jun 28, 2008·The American Journal of Sports Medicine·Martin Mikek
Aug 30, 2008·The American Journal of Sports Medicine·Thomas TischerAndreas B Imhoff
Apr 8, 2010·British Journal of Sports Medicine·Nicholas A Bontempo, Augustus D Mazzocca
May 5, 2010·Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA·Katsumi Takase
Aug 6, 2010·The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews·Marcel Jun S TamaokiFlávio Faloppa
May 4, 2012·The American Journal of Sports Medicine·Matthew D MilewskiDavid R Diduch
Feb 16, 2013·European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology : Orthopédie Traumatologie·Lorenzo AndreaniLisanti Michele
Sep 7, 2013·The American Journal of Sports Medicine·Frank MartetschlägerPeter J Millett
Feb 4, 2014·Arthroscopy : the Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery : Official Publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association·Knut BeitzelUNKNOWN Upper Extremity Committee of ISAKOS
Dec 30, 2014·Arthroscopy : the Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery : Official Publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association·Sang-Jin Shin, Nam-Ki Kim
Oct 22, 2015·Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma·UNKNOWN Canadian Orthopaedic Trauma Society
Aug 28, 2016·Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy : Official Journal of the ESSKA·Felix PorschkeThorsten Guehring
Mar 24, 2017·British Medical Bulletin·Umile Giuseppe LongoVincenzo Denaro

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

May 15, 2021·Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global Research & Reviews·Betina B HinckelJack Farr
Jan 19, 2022·Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery·Lei ZhangGuoyou Wang
Feb 1, 2022·The American Journal of Sports Medicine·Roman C OstermannLeo Pauzenberger

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review
Julie Y Bishop, Christopher Kaeding
The Orthopedic Clinics of North America
Charlton Stucken, Steven B Cohen
Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine : Official Journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine
Gabriel TrainerAugustus D Mazzocca
Journal of the Southern Orthopaedic Association
G M McCluskey, J Todd
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
John A JohansenSteve A Petersen
© 2022 Meta ULC. All rights reserved