Activated chemical defense in aplysina sponges revisited

Journal of Chemical Ecology
Carsten ThomsPeter Proksch

Abstract

Sponges of the genus Aplysina accumulate brominated isoxazoline alkaloids in concentrations that sometimes exceed 10% of their dry weight. We previously reported a decrease in concentrations of these compounds and a concomitant increase in concentrations of the monocyclic nitrogenous compounds aeroplysinin-1 and dienone in Aplysina aerophoba following injury of the sponge tissue. Further investigations indicated a wound-induced enzymatic cleavage of the former compounds into the latter, and demonstrated that these reactions also occur in other Aplysina sponges. A recent study on Caribbean Aplysina species, however, introduced doubt regarding the presence of a wound-induced bioconversion in sponges of this genus. This discrepancy motivated us to reinvestigate carefully the fate of brominated alkaloids in A. aerophoba and in other Aplysina sponges following mechanical injury. As a result of this study we conclude that (1) tissue damage induces a bioconversion of isoxazoline alkaloids into aeroplysinin-1 and dienone in Aplysina sponges, (2) this reaction is likely catalyzed by enzymes, and (3) it may be ecologically relevant as the bioconversion products possibly protect the wounded sponge tissue from invasion of bacterial pathogens.

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Citations

Aug 6, 2008·Journal of Chemical Ecology·Carsten Thoms, Peter J Schupp
Apr 6, 2012·Journal of Chemical Ecology·Deborah J GochfeldRobert W Thacker
Mar 30, 2013·Developmental and Comparative Immunology·Erick Garcia-GarciaVictor Mulero
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Jul 30, 2008·Natural Product Reports·Valerie J Paul, Raphael Ritson-Williams
Mar 13, 2008·Journal of Asian Natural Products Research·Jun-Mian TianXiao-Jiang Hao
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Jun 13, 2012·Marine Drugs·Oriol Sacristán-SorianoMikel A Becerro
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Jan 12, 2021·Applied Physics. A, Materials Science & Processing·Liubov MuzychkaHermann Ehrlich

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