Activating Effects of Phenolics from Apache Red Zea mays L. on Free Fatty Acid Receptor 1 and Glucokinase Evaluated with a Dual Culture System with Epithelial, Pancreatic, and Liver Cells

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Diego A Luna-VitalElvira Gonzalez de Mejia

Abstract

The aim was to characterize a phenolic-rich water extract from the pericarp of an improved genotype of Apache red maize (RPE) and evaluate its ability to activate the type 2 diabetes markers free fatty acid receptor 1 (GPR40) and glucokinase (GK) in vitro. The extract contained mainly phenolic acids, anthocyanins, and other flavonoids. RPE inhibited α-amylase (IC50 = 88.3 μg/mL), α-glucosidase (IC50 = 169.3 μg/mL), and reduced glucose transport in a Caco-2 cell monolayer (up to 25%). Furthermore, RPE activated GPR40 (EC50 = 77.7 μg/mL) in pancreatic INS-1E cells and GK (EC50 = 43.4 μg/mL) in liver HepG2 cells, potentially through allosteric modulation. RPE activated GPR40-related insulin secretory pathway and activated the glucose metabolism regulator AMPK (up to 78%). Our results support the hypothesis that foods with a high concentration of anthocyanins and phenolic acids, such as in the selected variety of maize used, could ameliorate obesity and type 2 diabetes comorbidities.

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Citations

Apr 28, 2020·Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition·Fabiola Escalante-Araiza, Gabriela Gutiérrez-Salmeán
Jun 7, 2020·Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry·Francisco LesVíctor López
May 25, 2021·Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition·José João Caires Serina, Paula Cristina Machado Ferreira Castilho
Jul 25, 2019·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Francisco Tomas-Barberán, Coralia Osorio
Oct 27, 2020·Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry·Lata RaniSukhbir Singh

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