Activation of coagulation and inhibition of fibrinolysis in the human lung on bronchial instillation of lipoteichoic acid and lipopolysaccharide

Critical Care Medicine
Jacobien J HoogerwerfTom van der Poll

Abstract

Pneumonia is characterized by an acute inflammatory response in the lung, which is frequently associated with changes in coagulation and fibrinolysis in the bronchoalveolar space. Here, we compared the effects of lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a major cell wall component of Gram-positive bacteria, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in the human bronchoalveolar space. Controlled in vivo volunteer study. Clinical research unit. Twenty-three healthy nonsmoking male volunteers. Sterile saline was instilled into a lung subsegment followed by bronchoscopic instillation of either LTA (Staphylococcus aureus, at a dose of 4, 20, or 100 ng/kg body weight) or LPS (Escherichia coli, 4 ng/kg body weight) into the contralateral lung. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was obtained 6 hours thereafter. Bronchial instillation of LTA- or LPS-activated bronchoalveolar coagulation, as reflected by increases in the levels of thrombin-antithrombin complexes, d-dimer, and soluble tissue factor. Concurrently, LTA and LPS inhibited anticoagulant mechanisms, as indicated by reductions in antithrombin, Protein C, and Activated Protein C concentrations together with elevated levels of soluble thrombomodulin. Both LTA and LPS administration was associated with an inhibitio...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 15, 2010·Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part a·Yongli ShiHe Wang
Mar 28, 2009·Critical Care Medicine·Lars Heslet
Apr 12, 2008·American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine·Jacobien J HoogerwerfTom van der Poll
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