Activity-dependent layer-specific changes in the extracellular chloride concentration and chloride driving force in the rat hippocampus

Journal of Neurophysiology
D KroegerA Sík

Abstract

The transmembrane distribution of chloride anions (Cl⁻) determines the direction of the Cl⁻ flux through GABA(A) receptors; this establishes whether GABA(A) receptor-mediated responses are hyperpolarizing or depolarizing in neurons. Thus an activity-dependent reduction in the efficacy of inhibitory responses can be the result of an activity-induced reduction of the Cl⁻ driving force. Using Cl(-)-sensitive electrodes, we measured the extracellular Cl⁻ concentration ([Cl⁻](o)) in each layer of the hippocampus under control conditions and after stimulation. In the control condition, [Cl⁻](o) was lower within the CA1 region (112.9 ± 1.3 mM; mean ± SD) than the CA3/dentate gyrus areas (117.7 ± 1.2 mM). Stimulation of CA3 pyramidal cells led to an increase in the [Cl⁻](o). The maximum values were observed in the stratum lacunosum-moleculare (253.4 ± 51.1 mM) and in the hilus (261 ± 43.7 mM), whereas in the granular cell layer, it reached only 159.5 ± 41 mM. The stimulation-induced [Cl⁻](o) increase was followed by a period of decreasing [Cl⁻](o) that fell below the control values. The maximum undershoot (21.6 ± 0.7 mM) was observed in the s. radiatum. Systemic application of the gap junction blocker carbenoxolone significantly decrea...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 17, 2014·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Simon HöftChristian Steinhäuser
Jun 29, 2012·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·Justin P KinneyTerrence J Sejnowski
Oct 19, 2010·Journal of Neuroscience Methods·Suzie DufourFlorin Amzica
Jun 21, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Masaru IshibashiAtsuo Fukuda
Sep 4, 2015·Physiology·Aklesso KadalaArlette Kolta
Dec 6, 2018·Fluids and Barriers of the CNS·Jackson G DeStefanoPeter C Searson

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