Actors on the Scene: Immune Cells in the Myeloma Niche

Frontiers in Oncology
Patrizia LeoneVito Racanelli

Abstract

Two mechanisms are involved in the immune escape of cancer cells: the immunoediting of tumor cells and the suppression of the immune system. Both processes have been revealed in multiple myeloma (MM). Complex interactions between tumor plasma cells and the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment contribute to generate an immunosuppressive milieu characterized by high concentration of immunosuppressive factors, loss of effective antigen presentation, effector cell dysfunction, and expansion of immunosuppressive cell populations, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells, regulatory T cells and T cells expressing checkpoint molecules such as programmed cell death 1. Considering the great immunosuppressive impact of BM myeloma microenvironment, many strategies to overcome it and restore myeloma immunosurveillance have been elaborated. The most successful ones are combined approaches such as checkpoint inhibitors in combination with immunomodulatory drugs, anti-monoclonal antibodies, and proteasome inhibitors as well as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. How best to combine anti-MM therapies and what is the optimal timing to treat the patient are important questions to be addressed in future trials. Moreover, intratumor MM he...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 4, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Dominika BębnowskaPaulina Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej
May 1, 2021·Cancers·Ekaterina O GubernatorovaSergei A Nedospasov
Jul 2, 2021·Haematologica·Leo RascheMarc S Raab
Oct 14, 2021·Journal of Clinical Medicine·Christina Hadjiaggelidou, Eirini Katodritou

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
gene knockout

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT02289222
NCT02576977
NCT02579863

Software Mentioned

SYFPEITHI
BIMAS

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