Acute Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate Restriction on Glycemia, Lipemia and Appetite Regulating Hormones in Normal-Weight to Obese Subjects

Nutrients
Amirsalar SamkaniSteen B Haugaard

Abstract

Postprandial responses to food are highly dependent on the macronutrient composition of the diet. We investigated the acute effects of transition from the recommended moderately high carbohydrate (HC) diet towards a carbohydrate-reduced high-protein (CRHP) diet on postprandial glycemia, insulinemia, lipemia, and appetite-regulating hormones in non-diabetic adults. Fourteen subjects, including five males (Mean ± SD: age 62 ± 6.5; BMI 32 ± 7.6 kg/m²; hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 40 ± 3.0 mmol/mol; HOMA2-IR 2.1 ± 0.9) were included in this randomized, cross-over study. Iso-caloric diets were consumed for two consecutive days with a median wash-out period of 21 days (range 2⁻8 weeks) between diets (macronutrient energy composition: CRHP/HC; 31%/54% carbohydrate, 29%/16% protein, 40%/30% fat). Postprandial glucose, insulin secretion rate (ISR), triglycerides (TGs), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), and satiety ratings were assessed after ingestion of breakfast (Br) and lunch (Lu), and gut hormones and glucagon were assessed after ingestion of Br. Compared with the HC diet, the CRHP diet reduced peak glucose concentrations (Br 11%, p = 0.024; Lu 11%, p < 0.001), glucose excursions (Br 80%, p = 0.20; Lu 85%, p < 0.001), and ISR (Br 31%; L...Continue Reading

References

Mar 1, 1978·Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry·V Rogiers
Sep 1, 1991·Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis : a Journal of Vascular Biology·T PollareH Lithell
Mar 1, 1985·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·M ModanZ Fuchs
Jun 1, 1985·Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental·D E WilsonS C Horton
May 1, 1982·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·C N Sadur, R H Eckel
Apr 1, 1995·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·J JeppesenG M Reaven
Aug 1, 1996·Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine·R HovorkaM A Young
Feb 12, 1997·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·J SalmerónW C Willett
Apr 1, 1997·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·J JeppesenG M Reaven
Apr 1, 1997·Diabetes Care·J SalmerónW C Willett
Oct 18, 2000·International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders : Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity·S NielsenM D Jensen
Sep 15, 2001·The New England Journal of Medicine·F B HuW C Willett
Feb 15, 2003·Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism : JPEM·Nurit KaiserRafael Nesher
Apr 28, 2005·Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases : NMCD·J I MannUNKNOWN Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group (DNSG) of the European Association
Jul 4, 2006·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Stephen C WoodsWolfgang Langhans
Oct 24, 2007·Hormone and Metabolic Research = Hormon- Und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones Et Métabolisme·J M Miles, R H Nelson
Mar 11, 2008·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Karma L PearcePeter M Clifton
Jul 19, 2008·The New England Journal of Medicine·Iris ShaiUNKNOWN Dietary Intervention Randomized Controlled Trial (DIRECT) Group
Feb 19, 2009·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Toralph RugeFredrik Karpe
Feb 9, 2010·Appetite·Jean-Philippe ChaputAnders M Sjödin
Jun 28, 2011·Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics·Louis MonnierDavid Owens
Dec 12, 2012·Cell Metabolism·Arya E MehranJames D Johnson
Mar 8, 2013·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Anita BelzaArne Astrup
May 15, 2013·Obesity·Agatha A van der KlaauwI Sadaf Farooqi
Oct 10, 2013·Food & Nutrition Research·Mikael Fogelholm
Jul 24, 2014·The Journal of Endocrinology·Catherine GibbonsJohn E Blundell
Dec 3, 2014·Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental·Frank Q NuttallMary C Gannon
May 27, 2015·Clinical Biochemistry·William E OwenJonathan R Genzen
Jul 15, 2015·Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental·Yeong Sook YoonEdward L Giovannucci
Dec 17, 2015·Diabetes·Asger LundFilip K Knop
Jul 20, 2016·International Journal of Obesity : Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity·M S SvaneJ J Holst

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jul 4, 2020·Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care·Rachel H Freire, Jacqueline I Alvarez-Leite
Jul 11, 2020·European Journal of Nutrition·Kênia M B de CarvalhoVivian S S Gonçalves
Aug 31, 2019·Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications·Mizuho Kondo-AndoAtsushi Suzuki
Jul 26, 2021·Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology·Morten Steen Hansen, Morten Frost
Nov 14, 2020·Clinical Nutrition ESPEN·Rodrigo C O MacedoAlvaro Reischak-Oliveira

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT02472951

Software Mentioned

Graphpad Prism
ISEC ( Insulin SECretion )
Graphpad

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Cardiovascular Biology of GLP-1

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) plays a role in glucose metabolism, energy homeostasis, and inflammation suppression. GLP-1 receptor signaling has been shown to impact cardiovascular function. This feed focuses on the role of GLP-1 and GLP-1 receptor agonists on cardiovascular biology.

Biomarkers for Type 2 Diabetes

Biomarkers can help understand chronic diseases and assist in risk prediction for prevention and early detection of diseases. Here is the latest research on biomarkers in type 2 diabetes, a disease in which the body is unable to produce or properly use insulin.