Acute kidney injury spectrum in patients with chronic liver disease: Where do we stand?

World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG
Wiwat Chancharoenthana, Asada Leelahavanichkul

Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of liver cirrhosis and is of the utmost clinical and prognostic relevance. Patients with cirrhosis, especially decompensated cirrhosis, are more prone to develop AKI than those without cirrhosis. The hepatorenal syndrome type of AKI (HRS-AKI), a spectrum of disorders in prerenal chronic liver disease, and acute tubular necrosis (ATN) are the two most common causes of AKI in patients with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. Differentiating these conditions is essential due to the differences in treatment. Prerenal AKI, a more benign disorder, responds well to plasma volume expansion, while ATN requires more specific renal support and is associated with substantial mortality. HRS-AKI is a facet of these two conditions, which are characterized by a dysregulation of the immune response. Recently, there has been progress in better defining this clinical entity, and studies have begun to address optimal care. The present review synopsizes the current diagnostic criteria, pathophysiology, and treatment modalities of HRS-AKI and as well as AKI in other chronic liver diseases (non-HRS-AKI) so that early recognition of HRS-AKI and the appropriate management can be established.

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Citations

Sep 26, 2020·European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology·Michael MakarAnish Vinit Patel
Jul 31, 2021·World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG·Kapil GuptaVinod K Rustgi
Sep 4, 2021·Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports·Jonny Jonny, Laurencia Violetta
Oct 20, 2021·Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry·Pooja Basthi MohanShiran Shetty

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