Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Diagnosis and Management Based on Current Molecular Genetics Approach

Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders Drug Targets
Elumalai SugunaChitralekha Sai Kumar

Abstract

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is characterized by the accumulation of ≥20% myeloid premature blast cells in the bone marrow and they are most often found in the peripheral blood. AML is generally classified based on either French-American-British (FAB) or World Health Organization (WHO) systems. For better clinical management, cytogenetic finding in AML is necessary and in patients with normal karyotypes - molecular, epigenetic and proteomic biomarkers are very important in choosing which drugs to prescribe. Mutations of certain genes like NPM1, FLT3, CEBPA, RUNX1 and MLL play a crucial role in the risk management and clinical stratification of AML patients. We reviewed the literature for the current trends of clinical practice based on laboratory based diagnostic tests in AML. Outcome and Result: We listed in AML chromosomal aberrations (translocations, fusions or RUNX1, CBFB, MYHI1, MLL, EVI1, PML-RARA), genes and mutations (NPM1, FLT3, CEPBA, MLL) epigenetic factors (DNMT34, TET2) and proteomic biomarkers (PTP, PTK, PIP) and analysed how on the basis of these factors medical risk was stratified and accordingly managed. AML is genetically and functionally a heterogenous malignant disease. In the western world, leukemia is one ...Continue Reading

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