Acute Myocardial Response to Stretch: What We (don't) Know

Frontiers in Physiology
João Sérgio NevesAdelino F Leite-Moreira

Abstract

Myocardial stretch, as result of acute hemodynamic overload, is one of the most frequent challenges to the heart and the ability of the heart to intrinsically adapt to it is essential to prevent circulatory congestion. In this review, we highlight the historical background, the currently known mechanisms, as well as the gaps in the understanding of this physiological response. The systolic adaptation to stretch is well-known for over 100 years, being dependent on an immediate increase in contractility-known as the Frank-Starling mechanism-and a further progressive increase-the slow force response. On the other hand, its diastolic counterpart remains largely unstudied. Mechanosensors are structures capable of perceiving mechanical signals and activating pathways that allow their transduction into biochemical responses. Although the connection between these structures and stretch activated pathways remains elusive, we emphasize those most likely responsible for the initiation of the acute response. Calcium-dependent pathways, including angiotensin- and endothelin-related pathways; and cGMP-dependent pathways, comprising the effects of nitric oxide and cardiac natriuretic hormones, embody downstream signaling. The ischemic setting...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 18, 2017·Frontiers in Physiology·Reza Vahidi, Siyavash Joukar
Apr 2, 2020·Scientific Reports·Giuseppe MandraffinoGiovanni Squadrito
Dec 19, 2018·The Journal of Physiological Sciences : JPS·Oleg Lookin, Yuri Protsenko
Feb 6, 2020·Cytoskeleton·Gerardo RomanelliJuan C Benech
Feb 23, 2020·The Journal of Experimental Biology·William Joyce, Tobias Wang
Oct 31, 2018·Frontiers in Physiology·Daniel M Johnson, Gudrun Antoons
Aug 28, 2020·Frontiers in Physiology·Irene Del-CantoAndreu M Climent
Dec 29, 2020·Frontiers in Physiology·Viviane Timmermann, Andrew D McCulloch

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